Digestive System

Question 1

what are macronutrients?

Answer 1

essential nutrients required by the body in relatively large quantities.

Question 2

what are micronutrients?

Answer 2

essential nutrients required by the body in relatively small quantities, including vitamins and minerals.

Question 3

what are vitamins?

Answer 3

organic materials (contain carbon) that regulate chemical reactions in bodily processes.

Question 4

what are minerals?

Answer 4

inorganic nutrients (do not contain carbon) which regulate chemical reactions

Question 5

what are the 3 macronutrients?

Answer 5

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

Question 6

what do carbohydrates do?

Answer 6

primary source of energy

Question 7

what do proteins do?

Answer 7

build and repair tissues and enzymes

Question 8

what do lipids do?

Answer 8

store energy, insulate and form cellular membranes

Question 9

what type of nutrient is C, B, A, D, E and K?

Answer 9

vitamins

Question 10

what type of nutrient is calcium, iron, sodium and zinc?

Answer 10

minerals

Question 11

what are the 2 types of macronutrients?

Answer 11

vitamins and minerals

Question 12

what does it mean if something is organic

Answer 12

has carbon

Question 13

what does it mean if something is inorganic

Answer 13

doesn’t have carbon

Question 14

what’s ingestion

Answer 14

the act of eating or drinking

Question 15

what’s digestion

Answer 15

breaking nutrients into smaller molecules

Question 16

what’s absorption

Answer 16

taking up small molecules into the circulatory system

Question 17

what’s elimination

Answer 17

removing undigested materials from the digestive track

Question 18

what are the 2 types of digestion

Answer 18

mechanical and chemical

Question 19

what is chemical digestion

Answer 19

breaking of chemical bonds to produce smaller molecules

Question 20

what’s mechanical digestion

Answer 20

chewing, chopping or grinding food into smaller pieces (physically) to increase surface area

Question 21

what is bolus

Answer 21

a mixture of chewed food and saliva

Question 22

what is an enzyme

Answer 22

a biological catalyst (protein that binds two different things), typically a protein, that accelerates and facilities chemical reactions

Question 23

what is a catalyst

Answer 23

a protein that binds two different things

Question 24

what’s the esophagus

Answer 24

a long, muscle-encased tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Question 25

what's the pharynx

Answer 25

the upper portion of the throat

Question 26

what's the epiglottis

Answer 26

a cartilage flap that temporarily seals off your airway to direct food through the pharynx.

Question 27

what is peristalsis

Answer 27

wave like muscle contraction that makes the bolus

Question 28

whats the stomach

Answer 28

an elastic, muscular sac that secretes acid and enzymes and churns it with food

Question 29

what does the lower esophageal sphincter do

Answer 29

it controls the movement of food between the stomach and the esophagus

Question 30

what does the pyloric sphincter do

Answer 30

it controls the movement of food between the stomach and the duodenum (small intestine)

Question 31

what is HCL

Answer 31

hydrochloric acid that breaks apart the cells of food

Question 32

what is pepsin

Answer 32

enzymes that break down proteins

Question 33

what is lipase

Answer 33

enzymes that break down lipids

Question 34

what is chyme

Answer 34

the mixture of partially digested food, acid and digestive enzymes

Question 35

what is the small intestine

Answer 35

a relatively narrow passageway responsible for nutrient digestion and absorption.

Question 36

what is the duodenum

Answer 36

the first section of the small intestine where nearly all chemical digestion occurs.

Question 37

what is the liver's 3 functions

Answer 37

1. processing nutrients 2. excretes bile to the small intestine 3. metabolizes and eliminated drugs and toxins

Question 38

what it the gallbladder

Answer 38

it sits underneath the liver and connects the bile that the liver makes.

Question 39

what is bile

Answer 39

a yellow-green liquid that helps to emulsify fats to aid in their digestion

Question 40

what is emulsification

Answer 40

the process of creating a stable mixture of tiny droplets of one liquid suspended in another, when these two liquids normally do no mix.

Question 41

what's the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Answer 41

hydrophilic are water-attracting and hydrophobic are water-repelling

Question 42

what are emulsifiers

Answer 42

molecules that have moth hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions, helping to bring these two liquids together

Question 43

what is jejunum

Answer 43

the part of the small intestine where most absorption of nutrients occurs