Digestive System Flashcards
What are the functions of the digestive system
Ingestion - food and water enters the body through the mouth under normal circumstances
Secretion- digestive organs contain glands that secrete substances like mucus, enzymes, acid, hormones, to aid the digestion process
Propulsion - the process in which the ingested food and liquids pass from one digestive organ to the next. Accomplished by the rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscles (peristalsis) move
Digestion - breakdown of food; Mechanical type (physically broken down/chewing) and chemical type (enzymes, catalyze reactions)
Absorption - process in which vitamins, water, electrolytes move through the wall of alimentary canal and into the blood.
Defecation - feces, a way to eliminate certain metabolic waste. A specialized form of propulsion.
What are the organs that form the digestive tract or the alimentary canal
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
in that order
What are the histological layers of the GI tract - inside out - outside in?
Inside: 1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis Externa
Outside: 4. Serosa/advenititia
What kind of muscle is found in the muscularized wall of the GI tract?
Smooth muscle
What is the enteric plexus
Digestive Nerve Plexus
Supplies and controls the movements of the alimentary canal from esophagus to anus.
“Enteric” = intestine
Edit
What part (layer) of the digestive tract comes in contact with the food you have consumed
mucousa
What is the purpose of secretions that are added to food as it moves through the GI tract
To breakdown the food into smaller bits; start digestion
Salivary Amylase - breakdown of carbohydrates into sugar
Lysozyme - kills bacteria, from the saliva
Secretory IgA - antibody that binds to the pathogen
Bicarbonate ions - to Neutralize the HCL/acid of the stomach that regurgitates into the esphogus
What are the sequences of processes from ingestion to elimination
Ingestion, propulsion/motility, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.
What are mass movements and where do they occur
A type of MOTILITY in the proximal LARGE INTESTINE, a propulsive motion.
Multiple haustra undergo peristalsis; propels the contents toward the distal large intestine. Occurs 3-4 x a day.
When does the epiglottis cover the opening into the larynx
When food is passing through/ swallowing
What lines the abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
Largest serous membrane
What organs are considered retroperitoneal
What is the fat accumulating on the anterior of the abdominal region called
What substance moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth
What structures aide in mastication and speech
Where do you find papillae and taste buds
What structure inhibits normal movement of the tongue
Lingual frenulum
What help hold the tooth in its socket
What prevents food from from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing
What do we call the salivary glands located anterior to the ear
How many sphincters regulate movement of food in the esophagus and what are they called
Which cranial nerves regulate salivary gland secretion
What is the function of parietal cells
What are and where are the regions of the stomach
What is hiatal hernia
Projectile vomiting is a symptom of which condition
What enzymes are secreted by the stomach
What enzymes are secreted by the pancreas
What is intrinsic factor
