Digestive System

Question 1

Secretions of the stomach include:

Answer 1

-chyme

-mucus

-intrinsic factor

-HCl acid

-Pepsinogen

Question 2

chyme

Answer 2

ingested food plus stomach secretions

Question 3

mucus

Answer 3

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes; mucin + water; protects from pepsin

Question 4

intrinsic factor

Answer 4

A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12; bind with B12 for DNA synthesis

Question 5

HCl acid

Answer 5

produced from parietal cells; protects from bacteria; stops carbohydrate digestion; converts pepsinogen to pepsin

Question 6

pepsinogen

Answer 6

digestive enzyme in inactive form; produced from chief cells

Question 7

Pepsin

Answer 7

digestive enzyme in active form present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of proteins

Question 8

process of hydrochloric acid production

Answer 8

1.In order to make CHL you need hydrogen and chloride

2.Co2 enters blood stream due to aerobic respiration

3.Co2 enters cell through diffusion and encounters/combines with water

4.Through carbonic + hydrase, they produce H2CO3

5.Remove one of the Hydrogen to make HCO3

6.Removed hydrogen uses ATP to take ion into duct through active transportation; while doing this we move a + charged potassium out

7.Potassium moves leaves via facilitated diffusion (non gated channel protein); potassium knocked out of cell and into concentrated gradient

Question 9

What are the 3 phases of digestion?

Answer 9

Cephalic

Gastric

Intestinal

Question 10

cephalic phase of digestion

Answer 10

Smell, sight, thought or initial taste of food activates neural centres; medulla oblongata starts process of secretion; preganglionic; gastrin is a secretary hormone used to produce HCl and pepsin

Question 11

gastric phase

Answer 11

distention of the stomach wall that stimulates parasympathetic reflex

-stimulates further secretions

-stimulates local reflexes

Question 12

Intestinal phase of digestion

Answer 12

1. sensory input to medulla from duodenum inhibits motor input from medulla to stomach stopping secretion of pepsin and HCl
2. local reflexes inhibit gastric secretions
3. secretin, GIP and cholycstekinin produced by duodenum inhibit gastric secretion in stomach

Question 13

What does secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and cholecystokinin all do?

Answer 13

Inhibit stomach secretions

Question 14

Secretin function

Answer 14

production of bile in liver and release of pancreatic juice

Question 15

polypeptide function

Answer 15

release of bile from gall bladder

Question 16

Cholecystokinin function

Answer 16

release enzyme from pancreas

Question 17

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) function

Answer 17

gastric secretion; positively or simulatory

Question 18

Secretions of the small intestine

Answer 18

Fluid primarily composed of water, electrolytes and mucus

-mucus
-disaccharides
-nuclease
-duodenal glands

Question 19

pancreatic secretions

Answer 19

-trypsinogen

-chymotrypsinogen

-procarboxypeptidase

-pancreatic amylase

-pancreatic lipase

-deoxyribonucleases /ribonucleases

-enterokinase

Question 20

trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase

Answer 20

digest protein when they are converted to the active forms

Question 21

pancreatic amylase

Answer 21

continues digestion of carbohydrates

Question 22

Deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease

Answer 22

Nucleases released by pancreas:

Deoxy = DNA breakdown

Ribo = RNA breakdown

Question 23

Enterokinase

Answer 23

converts trypsinogen to trypsin; beginning of proteolytic cascade

Question 24

proteolytic

Answer 24

protein enzyme (breaks down proteins)

Question 25

amylase

Answer 25

carbohydrate enzyme