Digestive System

Question 1

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 1

It is the organs that food and liquids travel through when they are swallowed, digested, absorbed, and leave the body as feces (mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus).

Question 2

oral cavity

Answer 2

It refers to the mouth. It includes the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips, the front two thirds of the tongue, the upper and lower gums, the floor of the mouth under the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth, and the small area behind the wisdom teeth.

Question 3

hard palate

Answer 3

It formally separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities, forming the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity. The hard palate is covered superiorly by respiratory mucosa and inferiorly by oral mucosa.

Question 4

soft palate

Answer 4

It makes up the posterior third of the palate and is a posterior continuation of the hard palate. The soft palate consists of muscle fibers and connective tissue covered by a mucus membrane consisting of a stratified squamous epithelium with secretory salivary glands.

Question 5

uvula

Answer 5

It is the soft flap of tissue that hangs down at the back of the mouth (at the edge of the soft palate).

Question 5

lingual frenulum

Answer 5

It is a dynamic structure, formed by a midline fold in a layer of fascia that inserts around the inner arc of the mandible, forming a diaphragm-like structure across the floor of mouth.

Question 6

pharynx

Answer 6

It refers to the throat. It is a hollow tube that starts behind the nose, goes down the neck, and ends at the top of the trachea and esophagus. The three parts of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx.

Question 7

esophagus

Answer 7

It is the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach.

Question 8

mucosa

Answer 8

It is the moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). Glands in the mucosa make mucus (a thick, slippery fluid). Also called mucous membrane.

Question 9

submucosa

Answer 9

It is the layer of tissue under the mucosa (inner lining of some organs and body cavities that makes mucus).

Question 10

muscularis externa

Answer 10

It is a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis.

Question 11

serosa

Answer 11

It is the outer lining of organs and body cavities of the abdomen and chest, including the stomach.

Question 12

visceral peritoneum

Answer 12

It is the layers of tissue that cover the outer surface of most organs in the abdomen, including the intestines.

Question 13

parietal peritoneum

Answer 13

It is the layers of tissue that line the abdominal wall and the pelvic cavity.

Question 14

mesentery

Answer 14

It is a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place.

Question 15

stomach

Answer 15

It is an organ in the upper abdomen. It can be divided into the cardia and the non-cardia, which includes the fundus, the body, the antrum, and the pylorus. The stomach is part of the digestive system.

Question 16

cardioesophageal sphincter

Answer 16

It is also known as gastroesophageal sphincter. It is contained within the cardia of the stomach. This sphincter acts like a door to the stomach, opening only in one direction so that food can flow into the stomach and not back up the esophagus.

Question 17

pyloric sphincter

Answer 17

It is at the bottom of the stomach and is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the top of the small intestine.

Question 18

rugae

Answer 18

They are folds in the stomach lining. Surface epithelial cells, specialized mucus cells of the neck, and mucus cells in the glands also secrete mucin, a high molecular weight glycoprotein. The mucin monomers are cross-linked by disulfide bonds to form a hydrated gel that lines the stomach.

Question 19

greater curvature

Answer 19

It is the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum compare lesser curvature.

Question 20

lesser curvature

Answer 20

It is the boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum compare greater curvature.

Question 21

greater omentum

Answer 21

It is a 4-layered fold of peritoneum that extends down from the stomach, covering much of the colon and small bowel. The layers are generally fused together caudal to the transverse colon. The gastrocolic ligament is part of the greater omentum.

Question 22

chyme

Answer 22

It is a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion. In the stomach, digestive juices are formed by the gastric glands; these secretions include the enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins, and hydrochloric acid.

Question 23

small intestine

Answer 23

It is a long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine. It is about 20 feet long and folds many times to fit inside the abdomen. The small intestine has three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

Question 24

ileocecal valve

Answer 24

It is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the ileum (last portion of your small intestine) and the colon (first portion of your large intestine). Its function is to allow digested food materials to pass from the small intestine into your large intestine.

Question 25

duodenum

Answer 25

It is the first part of the small intestine, and connects to the stomach. It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

Question 26

jejunum

Answer 26

It is the middle part of the small intestine. It is between the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) and the ileum (last part of the small intestine). The jejunum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

Question 27

ileum

Answer 27

It is the last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine). The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestine.

Question 28

pancreatic ducts

Answer 28

It is part of a system of ducts in the pancreas. Pancreatic juices containing enzymes are released into these ducts and flow into the small intestine.

Question 29

bile duct

Answer 29

It is a tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine. The common bile duct starts where the ducts from the liver and gallbladder join and ends at the small intestine. It is part of the biliary system.

Question 30

large intestine

Answer 30

It is the long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other. The large intestine has four parts: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. Partly digested food moves through the cecum into the colon, where water and some nutrients and electrolytes are removed.

Question 31

cecum

Answer 31

It is a pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine. It connects the small intestine to the colon, which is part of the large intestine.

Question 32

appendix

Answer 32

It is a small, fingerlike pouch that sticks out from the cecum (the first part of the large intestine near the end of the small intestine). Enlarge. The appendix is a small, fingerlike pouch that is attached to the end of the colon (large intestine).

Question 33

colon

Answer 33

It is the longest part of the large intestine (a tube-like organ connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other). The colon removes water and some nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food.

Question 34

rectum

Answer 34

It is an 18- to 20-cm long part of the large intestine, located between the sigma and the anal canal. It is located to the front of the sacrum, and passes through the pelvic diaphragm that separates the rectum into the pelvic and anal part. The shape of the rectum is in lower mammals straight.

Question 35

anal canal

Answer 35

It serves as a channel connecting the rectum to the end of the gastrointestinal system, the anus. It is located within the anal triangle of the perineum and in between the fat-filled and wedge-shaped ischioanal, or ischiorectal, fossae that accommodate its expansion for the passage of fecal material.

Question 36

ascending colon

Answer 36

It is one of the four major regions of the colon, which is itself one of the parts of our large intestine. The ascending colon carries feces from the cecum superiorly along the right side of our abdominal cavity to the transverse colon.

Question 37

transverse colon

Answer 37

It is a segment of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdomen and sits beneath other organs in the abdominal cavity. As the longest and most mobile part of the colon, the transverse colon plays an essential role in digestion and the excretion of waste products.

Question 38

descending colon

Answer 38

It is a section of the large intestine. It is the left part of the colon that passes downward. It is responsible for storing the remains of digested food before they pass through the rest of the colon and rectum for elimination.

Question 39

sigmoid colon

Answer 39

It is an “S” shaped portion of the large intestine that begins in front of the pelvic brim as a continuation of the descending colon and becomes the rectum at the level of the third sacral vertebrae.

Question 40

liver

Answer 40

It is a large organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile.

Question 41

gall bladder

Answer 41

It is the pear-shaped organ found below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder.