Digestive system

Question 1

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

Answer 1

provides fuel to keep all the body’s cell functioning
supplies building blocks needed for cell growth and repair

Question 2

What are two groups of the organs compose the digestive system

Answer 2

the digestive canal and the accessory digestive organs

Question 3

What is a digestive canal

Answer 3

It is a continuous tube that extends through thoracic and abdominal cavities from the esophagus to the anus

Question 4

What organs includes in GI tract?

Answer 4

esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anal canal

Question 5

The accessory organs include:

Answer 5

mouth
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
pharynx,
liver,
gallbladder
pancrease

Question 6

ingestion

Answer 6

the process involve taking food and liquids into the mouth

Question 7

secretion

Answer 7

cells with walls of the digestive canal and accessory digestive organs secret about 7 l of water, acid, buffers and enzymes into the lumen

Question 8

digestion

Answer 8

a process of breaking down ingested food into small molecules that can be used by body cells

Question 9

mechanical digestion

Answer 9

the teeth cut and grind before it is swallowed
smooth muscles of the stomach and intestine churn the food to further assist the process

Question 10

chemical digestion

Answer 10

the large carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid molecules in food are split into smaller molecules by hydrolysis

Question 11

Motility

Answer 11

alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle in the walls of the digestive canal mix food and secretions and move them toward the anus

Question 12

Absorption

Answer 12

The movement of the products of digestion from the lumen of the digestive canal into blood plasma or lymph. Once absorbed these substances circulate to cells through the body

Question 13

Defecation

Answer 13

Waste, indigestible substances, bacteria cells sloughed from the digestive canal and digested material that was not absorbed that was not absorbed in their journey through the digestive canal leave the body through the anus a process called defecation

Question 14

what are layers of the digestive canal

Answer 14

mucosa
submucosa
musclaris
serosa or adventitive

Question 15

Mucosa

Answer 15

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium = mouth
pharynx
esophagus
anal canal
PROTECTIVE FUNCTION
simple columnar epithelium=
stomach
small intestines
DECRETION AND ABSORPTION

Question 16

what kind of the glands located among the epithelium cells

Answer 16

exocrine gland= secret mucus and fluid into the lumen of the digestive canal
endocrine glands=enteroendocrine glands =secrets hormones

Question 17

What is mucosa composed of?

Answer 17

epithelium
lamina propira
muscularis mucosae

Question 18

Lamina propria of mucosa

Answer 18

Areolar CT contains many blood vessels and lymphatic vessels which are the routes by which nutrients absorbed into the digestive canal reach the other tissues of the body.

Question 19

what kind of the cells lamina proper contains

Answer 19

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue MALT

Question 20

WHERE YOU CAN FIND malt?

Answer 20

Tonsils
small intestine
appendix
large intestine

Question 21

What is the muscularis mucosae of mucosa?

Answer 21

A thin layer of smooth muscles fibre that throws the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine into may fold which increases the surface area for digestion and absorption

Question 22

Submucosa

Answer 22

consist of areolar connective tissue that binds mucosa to muscularis

Question 23

What is located in the submucosa layer

Answer 23

an extensive network of neurons known as submucosal neural plexuses

Question 24

What is submucosal neural plexuses?

Answer 24

The plexuses of the ENS consist of motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons

Question 25

what does the motor neuron supply of the submucosal neural plexus

Answer 25

the secretory cells of the mucosal epithelium controlling the secretions of the organs of digestive canals

Question 26

hat does interneurons of the ENS do?

Answer 26

connect the neurons of the myenteric and submucosal neural plexuses

Question 27

What does the sensory neurons of the ENS supply?

Answer 27

supply the mucosal epithelium and contain receptors that detect stimuli in the lumen of the digestive tract

Question 28

what are 2 major types of sensory receptor in the wall of digestive canal

Answer 28

chemoreceptors respond to certain chemicals in the food mechanoreceptors= such as stretch receptors that are activated when food distends the wall of the digestive canal organ

Question 29

Muscularis layer of the mouth pharynx superior and middle parts of the esophagus external anal sphincter contains what kind of muscles?

Answer 29

Skeletal muscles and their voluntary action

Question 30

Throughout the rest of digestive canaal muscular layer consist:

Answer 30

smooth muscles found in two sheets inner shhet=circular fibers outer sheet=longitudinal fibers

Question 31

what is found between layers of the muscular layer?

Answer 31

second plexus of neurons called myenteric neural plexus

Question 32

What do motor neurons of the myenteric neural plexus supply?

Answer 32

They supply longitudinal and circular smooth muscles layer of the muscular layer and this plexus controls digestive canal motility particularly the frequency and the strength of the contraction of the muscular layer

Question 33

what is serosa

Answer 33

a serous membrane composed of areolar connect tissue and simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

Question 34

who lacks serosa?

Answer 34

Esophagus laks serosa instead only a single layer of areolar connective tissue called adventitia

Question 35

peritoneum

Answer 35

largest serous membrane of the body

Question 36

what is composed peritoneum of?

Answer 36

a layer of simple squamous epithelium mesothelium supporting layer of areolar connective tissue

Question 37

how is peritoneum divided

Answer 37

parietal peritonemu visceral peritonemu

Question 38

what is parietal peritonemu

Answer 38

lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 39

visceral peritoneum

Answer 39

covers some of the organs in the cavity and their serosa

Question 40

what is the name of the slim space containing lubricating serous fluid that is between the parietal and visceral portion of the peritoneum

Answer 40

peritoneall cavity

Question 41

which organs are retroperitoneal

Answer 41

kidneys ascending and descending colons of the large intestine duodenum of the small intestine pancrease

Question 42

what does reroperitoneal mean

Answer 42

organs that lie on the posterior abdominal wall and covered by peritoneum only ob their anterior surface

Question 43

What are 5 major peritoneal fold

Answer 43

the greater omenutm falciform ligament lesser omentum mesentery mesocolon

Question 44

greater omenutm

Answer 44

longest peritoneal fold drapes over transverse colon and coils of small intestine like fatty apron" contains considerable amount of adipose tissue many lymph nodes of the greater omentum contribute to macrophages and antibody-producing plasmocytes that help combat and contain infections of the digestive canal

Question 45

falcifrom ligament

Answer 45

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm the liver is the only digestive organ that is attached to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 46

lesser omentum

Answer 46

suspends stomach and dudodenum from liver

Question 47

mesenteries

Answer 47

helps stabilize position of the abdominal organs prevents intestines from becoming entangled

Question 48

mesocolon

Answer 48

binds transerse and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall