Digestive System Flashcards
Ingestion/eating
Food is taken in by the body.
Digestion
Food is broken down.
Absorption
Digested food passes into the bloodstream.
Assimilation
Using the food in the cells of the body.
Elimination
Getting rid of undigested food.
Enzymes
Enzymes are chemicals that speed up reactions without being used up in the reaction. Enzymes act on a substrate and breaks down into a product. Example: substrate = starch, enzyme = amylase (saliva), product = maltose (sugar).
Most chemical digestion happens in…
Small intestine
Bile
Made in liver to break down fat.
Pancreas makes
Digestive juices which contain enzymes.
Physical digestion
Physical digestion happens in the mouth (teeth) and in the stomach (churning).
Mouth
Physical and chemical digestion.
Oesophagus
Brings food from mouth to stomach.
Liver
Makes bile
Stomach
Physical and chemical digestion.
Pancreas
Makes digestive juices
Small intestine
Most chemical digestion
Large intestine
Water reabsorption
Rectum
Stores undigested food
Anus
Undigested food passes out.
Gallbladder
Storage of bile.
Incisors
Biting and cutting. At the front of the mouth. 4 upper and 4 lower. Used for biting and cutting food.
Canine
Grasp and tear food. One on either side of the incisors. 2 upper and 2 lower.
Pre-molar
Grinding and crushing food. 3 at either side of the canine. 6 upper and 6 lower.
Molar
Grinding and crushing food. 2 at either side of the premolars. 4 upper and 4 lower. The teeth an animal has depends on what it eats.
Herbivore
(Sheep) Only eats plants. Very large incisors. Large molars and pre-molars to chew grass.
Carnivore
(Lion) Only eat meat. Large canine teeth. Use teeth to catch and tear their prey.
Omnivores
(Humans) Eat plant and meat. Need all of the different teeth.
