Chemistry: Matter And Mixtures Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Mass
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
3 states of matter
Solids, Liquids and gases
Properties of solids
- Solids have a definite shape
- Solids have a definite volume
- Solids cannot be compressed
- Solids cannot flow
Properties of Liquids
- Liquids have no definite shape
- Liquids have a definite volume
- Liquids cannot be compressed
- Liquids can flow
Properties of gases
- Gases have no definite shape
- Gases have no definite volume
- Gases can be compressed
- Gases can flow
Heat energy
In order for a substance to change state (from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to gas) it needs heat energy. As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.
Latent heat
As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.
Melting point
The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together (changing from a solid to a liquid).
Boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid (changing from a liquid to a gas).
Condensation
Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration e.g. spray perfume in one corner of the room and it spreads to the rest of the room.
Fourth state of matter
Plasma: Plasma is the fourth state of matter, like gas, but can conduct electricity.
Physical change
Physical change: no change in particles, just the particle arrangement and energy, easy to reverse e.g. mixing water and salt.
Chemical change
Chemical change: A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match.
During a chemical reaction
During a chemical reaction the atoms rearrange to form a new substance. Mights be seen by colour change, temperature change, like being emitted or bubbles.
Law of conservation of mass
Matter can be changed from one form to another. During physical and chemical changes, there is no overall change in mass.
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined e.g. sand and water.
There are four methods of separating mixtures:
- Filtration
- Evaporation
- Distillation
- Chromatography
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble
solids (do not dissolve in a liquid)
from a liquid by using filter paper
and a funnel to trap the solids. E.g. sand and water.
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids
(dissolve in liquids) from a
solution by evaporating off the
liquid to leave the solids. E.g. salt water
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78 degrees ) and water (boils at 100 degrees). Also used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure sample of each.
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture of dissolved substances in a solution. E.g. the different colours in a black marker.
Insoluble
Does not dissolve in a liquid.
Soluble
Dissolves in a liquid.
Residue
The soil left in the filter paper after filtration.
Filtrate
The clean water that comes after filtration.
Solvent
The liquid that a solid is dissolved into.
Solute
The solid that is left behind after evaporation.
Miscible
Liquids that mix together e.g. alcohol and water
Liebig condenser
Piece of equipment used in distillation in which cool water flows to condense steam to water.
Distillate
Clean water at the end of distillation.
Chromatogram
Chromatography paper with separated ink.
Reactant
Chemicals that react together in a chemical reaction.
Products
The substances formed after a chemical reaction.
