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Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are macronutrients

A

found in meals (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (nucleic acids))

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2
Q

Difference between essential and nonessential nutrients?

A

essential - nutrients from food
non-essential - nutrients the body makes

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3
Q

True or False?
Macronutrients = Biomolecules

A

True

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4
Q

the first ones to be converted into energy

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

Only one sugar molecule is called -

A

monosaccharide

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6
Q

True or False?
Nutrients should not be in their simplest form when utilizing energy

A

False

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7
Q

Difference between soluble and insoluble fiber

A

soluble - can be digested in the small intestine
insoluble - undigestable food through large intestine

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8
Q

Enzyme for…
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-proteins

A

-amylase
-lipase
-protease

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9
Q

food when it has been masticated called

A

bolus

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10
Q

What is the mechanical and chemical digestion of the mouth?

A

Mechanical digestion- mastication
Chemical digestion - Saliva

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11
Q

What do the enzymes in the mouth target in food?

A

carbohydrates, and lipids

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12
Q

What is the chemical and mechanical digestion of the stomach?

A

Mechanical digestion - churning
Chemical digestion - Gastric juices

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13
Q

Where is the initial digestion of Protein?

A

stomach

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14
Q

What is the mechanical and chemical digestion of the duodenum (small intestine)?

A

Mechanical digestion - Segmentation
Chemical digestion- Accessory digestive organs secretions

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15
Q

What is the target of the enzymes in the duodenum?

A

Carbohydrates, Protein, and Lipids

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16
Q

What does bile do?

A

prevent fats to clump together

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17
Q

how does the small intestine absorb nutrients

A

with the use of villi

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18
Q

the passageway of air and bolus

A

pharynx

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19
Q

gate of air and bolus

A

epiglottis

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20
Q

what is the involuntary movement in the esophagus called?

A

Peristalsis

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21
Q

what are the accessory digestive organs?

A

-Liver
-Gallbladder
-Pancreas

22
Q

what organ creates bile

A

Liver

23
Q

What organ stores bile?

A

Gallbladder

24
Q

what enzymes does the pancreas make

A

-amylase
-protease
-lipase

25
Q

which organ absorbs water and salt?

A

Large intestine

26
Q

also called ascending colon

A

Appendix

27
Q

also called as swallowing

A

Propulsion

28
Q

what happens once the villi absorb the nutrients

A

they go to the bloodstream

29
Q

also called as excretion

A

Egestion

30
Q

which is the healthiest ?
a. saturated fats
b. unsaturated fats
c. trans fat

A

b. unsaturated fats

31
Q

simplest form of lipids

A

fatty acids

32
Q

simplest form of protein

A

amino acids

33
Q

True or false?
LDL is good cholesterol

A

false
HDL is the good cholesterol

34
Q

what is egestion

A

removal of waste

35
Q

True or False?
does the liver excrete bile to the small intestine?

A

false
after the liver makes bile it is moved and stored in the gallblader

36
Q

True of False?
the Pharynx / Esophagus can chemically digest bolus

A

true
the enzymes from the mouth still digest the food while in pharynx

37
Q

True or False?
The villi can also absorb polysaccharides

A

false
the villi only absorbs the simplest forms

38
Q

Transport that requires ATP

A

Active transport

39
Q

what needs a special channel or carrier protein?

A

facilitated diffusion

40
Q

True or False?
All proteins are enzymes

A

False
All enzymes are protein
Some proteins repair the body’s tissue

41
Q

the first organ to receive the nutrients

A

Liver

42
Q

What is Structural GI disease

A

caused by an abnormality
-bacteria , etc

43
Q

Is Gastritis a structural GI disease?

A

yes
because of the term ___itis
meaning inflamation

44
Q

Identify the disease and whether it is Structural or Functional:

Swollen vein in and around the anus

A

Hemorrhoids
(Structural)

45
Q

Identify the disease and whether it is Structural or Functional:

Bacteria that creates a hole in the stomach/duodenum

A

Peptic Ulcer
(structural)

46
Q

Identify the disease and whether it is Structural or Functional:

a cause of hard stool, which is slow stool movement

A

Constipation
(functional)

47
Q

Identify the disease and whether it is Structural or Functional:

Watery stool

A

Diarrhea
(functional)

48
Q

What is functional Gi disease

A

something wrong with the actual organ

49
Q

True or false?
obesity is a part of malnutrition

A

True

50
Q

Identify the disease:
disease in children, due to lack of protein
with the presence of edema

A

kwashiorkor

51
Q

Identify the disease:
ribs could be seen
due to lack of carbohydrates and protein

A

Marasmus

Biology (6 decks)

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