Digestive System Flashcards
organ that secretes a substance
gland
oral cavity at the entry to the alimentary canal
mouth
muscle that can be found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines
smooth muscle
organ between the esophagus and small intestine in which the major portion of digestion occurs
stomach
comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal, it is where vitamins and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination
large intestine
substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst. a catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, most are proteins
enzymes
pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat
lipase
fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water
lipids
a mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed
bolus
semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine
chyme
a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins
pepsin
the part of the GI tract between the stomach and large intestine that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, where digestion and absorption of food occurs
small intestine
water loving
hydrophilic
the organ that produces bile, regulates glycogen storage, and performs other bodily functions
liver
the monomers that make up proteins
amino acids
a chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaces by a cation
salt
unicellular organisms that are capable of causing disease
bacteria
hormone that triggers the influx of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels
insulin
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates its target cells in the liver to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release that glucose into the blood
glucagon
long bundle of neuronal axons that transmits signals to and from the central nervous system
nerve
