Digestive System Flashcards
What does amylase digest?
Starch/ carbohydrates
Symptoms of anorexia
Starving
Symptoms of bulimia
Vomiting
Symptoms of jaundice
Yellow skin due to liver problems
Symptoms of hiatal hernia
Stomach pokes through diaphragm
What is gastrin and what does it do?
Hormone that tells stomach to secrete
digestive fluids
Cardiac region
First part of stomach
Fundic region
top curve/pouchy area
Body region
main part of stomach
Pyloric region
last part
What does the enzyme trypsin break apart
proteins
What does the enzyme amylase break apart
starch
What does the enzyme nuclease break apart
nucleic acids (DNA)
What does the enzyme lipase break apart
fats
What does the enzyme maltase break apart
maltose
Functions of the liver
stores glycogen, makes bile, recycles red blood cells,
detoxifies blood
Functions of the large intestine
absorbs water and vitamins, forms feces
Incisors function
bite food
Bicuspids function
tear food
Molars function
chew food
Tissue layers of alimentary inner to outer layers
mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa
What is the uvula
Projection of soft palate
What is peristalsis and where does it occur?
Wave-like muscle contractions occur from the esophagus to anus
Location of parotid salivary gland
by masseter
Location of sublingual salivary gland
under tongue
Location of submandibular salivary gland
under jaw
Gallstones are made of what material?
Cholesterol and bile pigments
Function of gastric cells
make mucus
Function of chief cells
makes pepsinogen
Function of parietal cells
makes HCl
pepsinogen + HCl — pepsin
hydrochloric acid activates the enzyme
Parts of small intestines function: deuodenum
Most digestion occurs here
Parts of small intestines function: jejunum, ilieum
most absorption occurs here
absorption of nutrients
food is absorbed through the villi and into either the capillaries or lacteals
sphincters:
cardiac, pyloric, ileocecal, anal
bile, gall bladder, liver
bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
Bile emulsifies fats
chemical and physical digestion
enzymes and chewing
villi:
projections in the small intestines which increase surface area
parts of large intestine:
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending
colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus.
alimentary canal, GI tract:
long tube of the digestive tract from mouth to anus
chyme:
mixture of food and stomach juices
Pancreas: where is it and what does it make?
Located below the stomach. It makes enzymes and sodium bicarbonate
pharynx:
also known as throat
mesentery:
membrane that attaches to small intestines, holds them together
and supplies them with blood vessles.
greater omentum:
membrane that covers the intestines
Lipase digests
fat
Sucrase digests
sucrose
Maltase digests
maltose
What is the name of the valve that connects the small intestines to the large intestines?
Ileocecal valve
What is the name of the valve that connects the stomach to the small intestines?
Pyloric valve
How does fat get broken down in the small intestines?
Bile emulsifies fat and lipase digests fats
Where is your appendix located?
Lower right side
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver
What prevents the stomach from being digested?
Mucus lining
The diagnosis for an individual who takes in a very large meal and then induces vomiting is
bulimia
The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines and large intestines make up the
alimentary canal
The salivary glands, liver , gall bladder, and pancreas are the
accessory organs
The layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that is made of simple columnar epithelium and functions in secretion and absorption is the
mucosa
The layer of the alimentary tube that keeps the outer surface moist and slippery is the
serosa
The material that covers the crown of the teeth is
enamel
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva
begins digestion of protein
Stimulation of salivary glands by parasympathetic nerves will _________ production of saliva.
increase
When food enters the esophagus, it is transported to the stomach by a movement called
peristalsis
The chief cells of the gastric glands secret
digestive enzymes (pepsin)
The digestive enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of
proteins
The semi-fluid paste formed in the stomach by mixing food and gastric secretions is called
chyme
Pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and empty into the
duodenum
The secretions of the pancreas are
alkaline (basic)
Which of the following is a function of bile?
emulsification of fat globules
The velvety appearance of the lining of the small intestines is due to the presence of
villi
The small intestines absorbs _______ of the products of digestion
most
The small intestines joins the large intestine at the
cecum
The only nutrients absorbed in the large intestines are
water, salts, and vitamins
A carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes and facilitates muscle activity in the alimentary canal is
cellulose
