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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What does amylase digest?

A

Starch/ carbohydrates

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2
Q

Symptoms of anorexia

A

Starving

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3
Q

Symptoms of bulimia

A

Vomiting

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4
Q

Symptoms of jaundice

A

Yellow skin due to liver problems

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5
Q

Symptoms of hiatal hernia

A

Stomach pokes through diaphragm

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6
Q

What is gastrin and what does it do?

A

Hormone that tells stomach to secrete
digestive fluids

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7
Q

Cardiac region

A

First part of stomach

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8
Q

Fundic region

A

top curve/pouchy area

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9
Q

Body region

A

main part of stomach

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10
Q

Pyloric region

A

last part

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11
Q

What does the enzyme trypsin break apart

A

proteins

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12
Q

What does the enzyme amylase break apart

A

starch

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13
Q

What does the enzyme nuclease break apart

A

nucleic acids (DNA)

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14
Q

What does the enzyme lipase break apart

A

fats

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15
Q

What does the enzyme maltase break apart

A

maltose

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16
Q

Functions of the liver

A

stores glycogen, makes bile, recycles red blood cells,
detoxifies blood

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17
Q

Functions of the large intestine

A

absorbs water and vitamins, forms feces

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18
Q

Incisors function

A

bite food

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19
Q

Bicuspids function

A

tear food

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20
Q

Molars function

A

chew food

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21
Q

Tissue layers of alimentary inner to outer layers

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa

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22
Q

What is the uvula

A

Projection of soft palate

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23
Q

What is peristalsis and where does it occur?

A

Wave-like muscle contractions occur from the esophagus to anus

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24
Q

Location of parotid salivary gland

A

by masseter

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25
Location of sublingual salivary gland
under tongue
26
Location of submandibular salivary gland
under jaw
27
Gallstones are made of what material?
Cholesterol and bile pigments
28
Function of gastric cells
make mucus
29
Function of chief cells
makes pepsinogen
30
Function of parietal cells
makes HCl
31
pepsinogen + HCl --- pepsin
hydrochloric acid activates the enzyme
32
Parts of small intestines function: deuodenum
Most digestion occurs here
33
Parts of small intestines function: jejunum, ilieum
most absorption occurs here
34
absorption of nutrients
food is absorbed through the villi and into either the capillaries or lacteals
35
sphincters:
cardiac, pyloric, ileocecal, anal
36
bile, gall bladder, liver
bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Bile emulsifies fats
37
chemical and physical digestion
enzymes and chewing
38
villi:
projections in the small intestines which increase surface area
39
parts of large intestine:
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus.
40
alimentary canal, GI tract:
long tube of the digestive tract from mouth to anus
41
chyme:
mixture of food and stomach juices
42
Pancreas: where is it and what does it make?
Located below the stomach. It makes enzymes and sodium bicarbonate
43
pharynx:
also known as throat
44
mesentery:
membrane that attaches to small intestines, holds them together and supplies them with blood vessles.
45
greater omentum:
membrane that covers the intestines
46
Lipase digests
fat
47
Sucrase digests
sucrose
48
Maltase digests
maltose
49
What is the name of the valve that connects the small intestines to the large intestines?
Ileocecal valve
50
What is the name of the valve that connects the stomach to the small intestines?
Pyloric valve
51
How does fat get broken down in the small intestines?
Bile emulsifies fat and lipase digests fats
52
Where is your appendix located?
Lower right side
53
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver
54
What prevents the stomach from being digested?
Mucus lining
55
The diagnosis for an individual who takes in a very large meal and then induces vomiting is
bulimia
56
The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines and large intestines make up the
alimentary canal
57
The salivary glands, liver , gall bladder, and pancreas are the
accessory organs
58
The layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that is made of simple columnar epithelium and functions in secretion and absorption is the
mucosa
59
The layer of the alimentary tube that keeps the outer surface moist and slippery is the
serosa
60
The material that covers the crown of the teeth is
enamel
61
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva
begins digestion of protein
62
Stimulation of salivary glands by parasympathetic nerves will _________ production of saliva.
increase
63
When food enters the esophagus, it is transported to the stomach by a movement called
peristalsis
64
The chief cells of the gastric glands secret
digestive enzymes (pepsin)
65
The digestive enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of
proteins
66
The semi-fluid paste formed in the stomach by mixing food and gastric secretions is called
chyme
67
Pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and empty into the
duodenum
68
The secretions of the pancreas are
alkaline (basic)
69
Which of the following is a function of bile?
emulsification of fat globules
70
The velvety appearance of the lining of the small intestines is due to the presence of
villi
71
The small intestines absorbs _______ of the products of digestion
most
72
The small intestines joins the large intestine at the
cecum
73
The only nutrients absorbed in the large intestines are
water, salts, and vitamins
74
A carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes and facilitates muscle activity in the alimentary canal is
cellulose

Anatomy (3 decks)

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