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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What does amylase digest?

A

Starch/ carbohydrates

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2
Q

Symptoms of anorexia

A

Starving

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3
Q

Symptoms of bulimia

A

Vomiting

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4
Q

Symptoms of jaundice

A

Yellow skin due to liver problems

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5
Q

Symptoms of hiatal hernia

A

Stomach pokes through diaphragm

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6
Q

What is gastrin and what does it do?

A

Hormone that tells stomach to secrete
digestive fluids

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7
Q

Cardiac region

A

First part of stomach

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8
Q

Fundic region

A

top curve/pouchy area

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9
Q

Body region

A

main part of stomach

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10
Q

Pyloric region

A

last part

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11
Q

What does the enzyme trypsin break apart

A

proteins

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12
Q

What does the enzyme amylase break apart

A

starch

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13
Q

What does the enzyme nuclease break apart

A

nucleic acids (DNA)

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14
Q

What does the enzyme lipase break apart

A

fats

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15
Q

What does the enzyme maltase break apart

A

maltose

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16
Q

Functions of the liver

A

stores glycogen, makes bile, recycles red blood cells,
detoxifies blood

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17
Q

Functions of the large intestine

A

absorbs water and vitamins, forms feces

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18
Q

Incisors function

A

bite food

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19
Q

Bicuspids function

A

tear food

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20
Q

Molars function

A

chew food

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21
Q

Tissue layers of alimentary inner to outer layers

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa

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22
Q

What is the uvula

A

Projection of soft palate

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23
Q

What is peristalsis and where does it occur?

A

Wave-like muscle contractions occur from the esophagus to anus

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24
Q

Location of parotid salivary gland

A

by masseter

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25
Q

Location of sublingual salivary gland

A

under tongue

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26
Q

Location of submandibular salivary gland

A

under jaw

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27
Q

Gallstones are made of what material?

A

Cholesterol and bile pigments

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28
Q

Function of gastric cells

A

make mucus

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29
Q

Function of chief cells

A

makes pepsinogen

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30
Q

Function of parietal cells

A

makes HCl

31
Q

pepsinogen + HCl — pepsin

A

hydrochloric acid activates the enzyme

32
Q

Parts of small intestines function: deuodenum

A

Most digestion occurs here

33
Q

Parts of small intestines function: jejunum, ilieum

A

most absorption occurs here

34
Q

absorption of nutrients

A

food is absorbed through the villi and into either the capillaries or lacteals

35
Q

sphincters:

A

cardiac, pyloric, ileocecal, anal

36
Q

bile, gall bladder, liver

A

bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
Bile emulsifies fats

37
Q

chemical and physical digestion

A

enzymes and chewing

38
Q

villi:

A

projections in the small intestines which increase surface area

39
Q

parts of large intestine:

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending
colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus.

40
Q

alimentary canal, GI tract:

A

long tube of the digestive tract from mouth to anus

41
Q

chyme:

A

mixture of food and stomach juices

42
Q

Pancreas: where is it and what does it make?

A

Located below the stomach. It makes enzymes and sodium bicarbonate

43
Q

pharynx:

A

also known as throat

44
Q

mesentery:

A

membrane that attaches to small intestines, holds them together
and supplies them with blood vessles.

45
Q

greater omentum:

A

membrane that covers the intestines

46
Q

Lipase digests

A

fat

47
Q

Sucrase digests

A

sucrose

48
Q

Maltase digests

A

maltose

49
Q

What is the name of the valve that connects the small intestines to the large intestines?

A

Ileocecal valve

50
Q

What is the name of the valve that connects the stomach to the small intestines?

A

Pyloric valve

51
Q

How does fat get broken down in the small intestines?

A

Bile emulsifies fat and lipase digests fats

52
Q

Where is your appendix located?

A

Lower right side

53
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

54
Q

What prevents the stomach from being digested?

A

Mucus lining

55
Q

The diagnosis for an individual who takes in a very large meal and then induces vomiting is

A

bulimia

56
Q

The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines and large intestines make up the

A

alimentary canal

57
Q

The salivary glands, liver , gall bladder, and pancreas are the

A

accessory organs

58
Q

The layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that is made of simple columnar epithelium and functions in secretion and absorption is the

A

mucosa

59
Q

The layer of the alimentary tube that keeps the outer surface moist and slippery is the

A

serosa

60
Q

The material that covers the crown of the teeth is

A

enamel

61
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva

A

begins digestion of protein

62
Q

Stimulation of salivary glands by parasympathetic nerves will _________ production of saliva.

A

increase

63
Q

When food enters the esophagus, it is transported to the stomach by a movement called

A

peristalsis

64
Q

The chief cells of the gastric glands secret

A

digestive enzymes (pepsin)

65
Q

The digestive enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of

A

proteins

66
Q

The semi-fluid paste formed in the stomach by mixing food and gastric secretions is called

A

chyme

67
Q

Pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and empty into the

A

duodenum

68
Q

The secretions of the pancreas are

A

alkaline (basic)

69
Q

Which of the following is a function of bile?

A

emulsification of fat globules

70
Q

The velvety appearance of the lining of the small intestines is due to the presence of

A

villi

71
Q

The small intestines absorbs _______ of the products of digestion

A

most

72
Q

The small intestines joins the large intestine at the

A

cecum

73
Q

The only nutrients absorbed in the large intestines are

A

water, salts, and vitamins

74
Q

A carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes and facilitates muscle activity in the alimentary canal is

A

cellulose

Anatomy (3 decks)

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