Digestive system Flashcards
What are the parts of the mouth?
Tounge teeth,salivary glands, oral cavity
What is the mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth? Teeth and tounge
Teeth- Breaks down food into smaller parts by chewing
Tounge- Helps move the food around the mouth and assists with swallowing
What is the chemical digestion that occurs in the Mouth?
The salivary glands produce amylase that breaks down starches
What are the parts of the esophagus?
Epiglottis
What is the mechanical digestion that occurs in the esophagus?
Peristalsis- moving food down the esophagus using squeezing and pushing
What chemical digestion occurs in the esophagus?
None
What are the parts of the stomach?
Gastric acids
What is the mechanical digestion that occurs in the stomach?
The stomach contracts and churns food
What chemical digestion occurs in the stomach?
Gastric acids chemically digest foods due to high acidity
What are the parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum; each part further and further digests food
What is the mechanical digestion that occurs in the small intestine?
Food is mixed with chyme to break it down
Chemical digestion in small intestine?
Nutrients from the food are absorbed and passed to the bloodstream
What are the parts of the large intestine?
Cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
Mechanical large
Food is moved along through the system and is excreted, food is solidified
Func mouth
The beginning stage of the digestive system, where the food is put into the body, also known as being ingested. This is where the food begins to break down. Can be broken down mechanically and chemically.
Func teeth
Part of the mouth that breaks down the food mechanically by chewing.
Func tounge
Part of the mouth that moves the food around the mouth and helps with swallowing.
Func epiglottis
Makes sure that food digested through the mouth doesn’t go to the nose.
Func esophagus
The passageway for food to go from the stomach to the mouth
Func gastroesophageal sphincter
The sphincter/gate that allows food to go to the stomach
Func stomach
Digests food using gastric acids that chemically break down food
Func pyloric sphincter
Located between the stomach and small intestine, allows food to pass from stomach to small intestine by opening/closing
Func small intestine
Chemically digests food using enzymes, nutrients from food are absorbed and then passed onto bloodstream to be used by cells for cell processes
Func liver
Removes harmful chemicals from the bloodstream
Func gallbladder
Helps digestive system break down fats by storing bile
Func pancreas
Creates pancreatic enzymes to break down food
Func Ileocecal Valve
A sphincter between the small intestine and large intestine, allows food to pass through by opening/closing
Func large intestine
Solidifies food and prepares it for excretion
What is the substrate of salivary amylase
Carbohydrates/starches
Where is salivary amylase secreted from?
The salivary glands
Where is salivary amylase secreted to?
Esophagus
What is the substrate for pepsin?
Proteins pep-polypeptide breaks it down into smaller amino acid chains
Where is pepsin secreted from?
The stomach
What is lipase a substrate of?
Lipids-lip
Where is lipase secreted from?
Pancreas, mouth, stomach
What is the substrate of peptidase?
Proteins
Where is peptidase secreted from?
Stomach, small intestines, pancreas
What is the substrate of pancreatic amylase?
Carbohydrates
Where is pancreatic amylase secreted from?
Pancreas
What is the substrate of maltase?
Carbohydrate-malotse
What is the substrate of sucrase?
Carbohydrates-sucrose
What is the substrate of lactase?
Carbohydrates
What is the substrate of nuclease?
Nucleic acids
Where is maltase secreted from?
Stomach, small intestine, pancreas
Where is sucrase secreted from?
Small intestine
Where is lactase secreted from?
Small intestine
Where is nuclease secreted from?
Small intestine
What are the four stages of food digestion/processing?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
What is peristalsis?
How food moves throughout the digestive system, squeezes food like toothpaste
What is homeostasis?
A stable internal environment, like 98.6 deg
What is mechanical digestion?
The physical aspects of digestion
What is bolus?
Food and saliva
What is a glycoprotein?
A molecule made of carbs and protein
What is salivary amylase?
Occurs in mouth, where digestion begins breaking down food for energy
Why is the stomach lined with mucus?
To protect it from acid
What is pepsin?
An enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down large proteins into smaller ones
Where is the duodenum?
The small intestine
Where does absorption occur?
The small intestine
What is chyme?
Bolus and gastric juice
How is the acidity of chyme neutralized?
A base comes from the pancreas :)
