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Schoo > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A building block of larger molecules

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2
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Many monomers bonded together to make a larger molecule

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3
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

The monomer of protein

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4
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

Bonding two molecules together by removing water

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5
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

To break down larger molecules into smaller ones by adding water

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6
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there?

A

20

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7
Q

How many amino acids are essential?

A

9

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8
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

To help make the reactions in your body happen faster

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9
Q

What is the function of collagen?

A

To help your skin stretch

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10
Q

What are examples of structural components?

A

Hair, feathers, and horns

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11
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

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12
Q

How many levels of protein structure are there

A

4

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13
Q

What is the primary structure of protein

A

The amino acid chain that is held together by peptide bonds

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14
Q

What is the secondary structure of protein?

A

When either a beta-sheet or alpha helix is formed by the hydrogen bonds.

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15
Q

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

The way the side chains of the amino acid sequence interact with each other causes the amino acid sequence to “fold in on itself

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16
Q

What is the quaternary structure of protein?

A

When two or more amino acid chains interact

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17
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and carbon

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18
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

The monomer food in carbohydrates

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19
Q

How many sugars are in a monosaccaride?

A

1 (mono)

20
Q

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides (many sugars)

21
Q

What is glucose?

A

Sugar that is used for energy

22
Q

Where is fructose found

A

Fruits

23
Q

Where is galactose found?

A

Dairy

24
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

2 monosaccharides combined

25
Q

How do you break down a disaccharide?

A

Add water

26
Q

What is sucrose? (disaccharide)

A

Fructose+glucose

27
Q

What is maltose made of? (di)

A

Glucose glucose

28
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Many monosaccharides bonded together used to sustain energy

29
Q

What is starch and why is it used?

A

Glucose storage in plants is needed because plants can’t stop performing photosynthesis

30
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Excess glucose storage in animals, ancestors adapted to low amounts of food for long times

31
Q

What is cellulose?

A

Structural support in plants found in plant cell walls, can’t be digested by most animals

32
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fatty acids that store energy

33
Q

How many calories of energy are there for every lipid?

A

9

34
Q

What is the most common type of lipid?

A

Triglycerides

35
Q

What are triglycerides made up of?

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails

36
Q

What is glycerol?

A

alcohol with 3C, each with a hydroxyl group (-OH), hydrophilic

37
Q

What are the polymers of lipids?

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

38
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

The fats in food

39
Q

What do phospholipids make up?

A

The cell membrane

40
Q

What are steroids?

A

Horomones

41
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Fats that are solid at room temp and come from animal sources (steak)

42
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

Fats that are liquid at room temp and come from plant sources (Oils)

43
Q

Where is DNA located?

A

In the nucleus

44
Q

Where is RNA located?

A

In the cytoplasm

45
Q

How many strands are in DNA?

A

2 strands

46
Q

How many strands are in RNA?

A

1 strand

Schoo (7 decks)

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