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RT13CONTRAST > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

includes the entire alimentary canal and several accessory organs.​

A

Digestive system

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2
Q

the alimentary canal consists of:

A

oral cavity (mouth) ​

Pharynx​

Esophagus​

stomach ​

small intestine​

large intestine, which terminates as the anus.​

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3
Q

accessory organ include the:

A

salivary glands
pancreas
liver
gallbladder.

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4
Q

3 primary function of digestive system:

A

-The first primary function is the intake or digestion of food, water, vitamins, and minerals.​

​

-The second function of the digestive system is to absorb digested food particles, along with water, vitamins, and essential elements from the alimentary canal, into the blood or lymphatic capillaries.​

​

-The third function is to eliminate any unused material​

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5
Q

The alimentary canal is a continuous hollow tube

A

mouth (oral cavity)

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6
Q

are accessory organs of digestion associated with the mouth. ​

A

salivary glands

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7
Q

means “near the ear,” which is the largest of the salivary glands located just anterior to the external ear​ submandibular​; sometimes called submaxillary, meaning “below mandible or maxilla”​

A

parotid (pah-rot′-id)​

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8
Q

meaning “below the tongue.”​

A

sublingual

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9
Q

is about 12.5 cm long and is the part of the digestive tube found posterior to the nasal cavity, mouth, and larynx.​

A

pharynx

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10
Q

is posterior to the bony nasal septum, nasal cavities, and soft palate​

A

nasopharynx

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11
Q

The third portion of the pharynx; extends from the level of the epiglottis to the level of the lower border of the larynx​

A

laryngopharynx,or hypopharynx

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12
Q

is a muscular canal, about 25 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter, extending from the laryngopharynx to the stomach.

A

esophagus

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13
Q

begins posterior to the level of the lower border of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx (C5 to C6), which is at the level of the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage.​

A

esophagus

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14
Q

four main regions in the stomach: ​

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus​

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15
Q

is the point where the esophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach.

A

cardia (or cardiac region)

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16
Q

located inferior to the diaphragm, above and to the left of the cardia, is the dome-shaped

A

fundus

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17
Q

connects the stomach to the duodenum; funnel-shaped

A

pylorus

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18
Q

The wider end of the funnel, connects to the body of the stomach.

A

pyloric antrum

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19
Q

The narrower end ; , which connects to the duodenum

A

pyloric canal

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20
Q

the smooth muscle; is located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying. In

A

pyloric sphincter

21
Q

the fifth and final part of the upper GI tract; the first portion of the small intestine, commonly called the small bowel.​

A

duodenum

22
Q

is about 20 to 24 cm long and is the shortest, widest, and most fixed portion of the small intestine.

A

duodenum

23
Q

has been affectionately labeled the “romance of the abdomen”​

A

head of the pancreas

24
Q

the average length of the small intestine

A

7m (23ft)

25
Q

actual length of small intestine, during life

A

4.5-5.5m (15 to 18 ft)

26
Q

length of small intestine when a person dies

A

15-31 ft

27
Q

proximal diameter of small intestine

A

3.8 cm (1.5 inches)

28
Q

distal end of small intestine

A

2.5 (1inch)

29
Q

e parts of the small intestine, in order,

A

duodenum

jejenum

ileum

30
Q

is the first part of the small intestine. It is the shortest, widest, and most fixed portion of the small bowel. It is located primarily in the RUQ. I

A

duodenum

31
Q

duodenum also extends into the LUQ, where it joins the jejunum at a point called the ___________

A

duodenojejunal flexure

32
Q

It represents the shortest aspect of the small intestine and averages ________ in length

A

duodenojejunal flexure

20-25 cm in length

33
Q

is located primarily to the left of midline in the LUQ and LLQ, making up about two-fifths of the remaining aspect of the small intestine.

A

jejenum

34
Q

inner diameter of jejenum

A

2.5 cm

35
Q

jejunum contains numerous mucosal folds _______-

A

plicae circulares

36
Q

which increase the surface area to aid with absorption of nutrients. These numerous mucosal folds produce the “feathery appearance of the jejunum.​

A

plicae circulares

37
Q

is located primarily in the RUQ, RLQ, and LLQ. The ileum makes up the distal three-fifths of the remaining aspect of the small intestine and is the longest portion of the small intestine.​

A

ileum

38
Q

also known as large bowel

A

large intestine

39
Q

begins in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) with its connection to the small intestine. The large intestine extends around the periphery of the abdominal cavity to end at the anus. The large intestine is about 1.5 m (5 feet) long and about 6 cm (2.5 inches) in diameter.​

A

large intestine

40
Q

four major parts of the large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.​

41
Q

The final segment of the large intestine

A

rectum

42
Q

he distal rectum contains ________, which ends at the anus

A

anal canal

43
Q

is part of the alimentary canal, which responsible for absorbing water from indigestible food.

A

large intestine

44
Q

measurement of a large intestine

A

6ft long

45
Q

The colon consists of four sections and two flexures

A

(1) the ascending colon, ​

(2) the transverse colon, ​

(3) the descending colon, and ​

(4) the sigmoid colon. ​

right (hepatic) and left (splenic) colic ​

flexures

46
Q

a large blind pouch located inferior to the level of the ileocecal valve.

A

cecum

47
Q

(commonly referred to as just the appendix) is attached to the cecum.​

A

vermiform appendix

48
Q

narrow, worm-shaped tube that extends from the cecum. The term vermiform means “wormlike.”​

A

appendix

49
Q

measurement of an appendix

A

2-20 cm

RT13CONTRAST (3 decks)

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