DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
muscle, upper top of the GI tract
mucosa
thin serous membrane, lining the wall of of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
peritoneum/ parietal peritoenum
cover the organs inside the abdominal and pelvis cavities
visceral peritoneum
space between the two layers of peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
pertaining to gastrointestinal tract
alimentary canal
special examination for the salivary glands; radiographic examition
sialography
to enhance the low density organ to visualize well; injected into the salivary gland duct
contrast medium
keep the food between the teeth; food uniformly chewed during mastication
cheeks and lips
secretes saliva; moistens and dissolves food and cleanses mouth and teeh
salivary glands
an act of chewing; medical term
mastication
floor of the oral cavity; made up of muscle
tongue
medical term for the gums
gingivae
number of teeth in normal adult
32
inflamation of the gums
gigivitis
number of primary teeth
20
also called milk or baby teeth which are lost during childhood
deciduous teeth
funnel-shaped tube;
pharynx
funnel-shaped tube; moves bolus from oropharynx to laryngopharynx and into the esophagus; closes air passageway
pharynx
pertains to nose
internal nares
where is the location of pharynx
in between the esophagus and larynx
three sections of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharyns
uppermost part of pharynx
nasopharynx
pharynx that lies behind the oral cavity
oropharynx
also known as hypopharynx
laryngopharynx
also known as the “gullet”; medical form; 25cm long (10in); passage way of the food from the mouth to the stomach; permits entry of food to the stomach
esophagus
radiographic examination of the esophagus
esophagogram
location of esophagus
posterior to the trachea
act of swallowing
deglutition
food that has been chewed with the help of salivary glands
bolus
involuntary movement of the food from the stomach to large intestine
peristalsis
opening of the esophagus and the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
uppermost part of the stomach
fundus
biggest part of the stomach
body (corpus)
lowest part of the stomach; acts as a valve emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine
pylorus
first part and the closest to the esophagus
cardia
where food mixes with gastric juices
antrum
curve in the fundus part
greater curvature
slight curve in the stomach; medial
lesser curvature
mixes saliva, food and gastric juice to form a chyme; serves as a reservoir; secretes gastric juice; secretes gastrin into blood
stomach
bolus enters the stomach; mixed with gastric juices; in the stomach
chyme
KILL BACTERIA AND DENATURES PROTEIN
HCI (HYDROCHLORIC ACID)
begins the digestion of protein
pepsin
aids absorption of vitamin b12
intrinsic factor
aids digestion or triglycerides
gastric lipase
a retroperitoneal gland, 12-15 cm (5-6 in) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) thick; posterior to the stomach; delivers pancreatic juice into the duodenum
pancrease
heaviest gland of the body; 1.4 kg (3lb) in average adult; produces bile
liver
stores the bile, concentrates and delivers bile into the duodenum; a pear-shaped sac; hollow structure
gallbladder
a yellow-brown digestive enzyme produced by the liver; necessary for emulsification and absorption of lipids
bile
begins the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; completes digestion; absorbs 90% of nutrient and water that pass through the digestive system;
major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients
small intestines
begins the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; completes digestion; absorbs 90% of nutrient and water that pass through the digestive system
small intestines
other term for small intestine
small bowel
c-shaped part of the small intestine; first part of small intestine; receives nutrients from the stomach
duodenum
final section of the small intestine; 3m long; absorbs mainly vitamin b12
ileum
part between ileum and cecum
ileocecal junction
about 1.5 m (5ft); extends from ileum to anus
large intestine
colon including cecum and appendix
ascending colon
colon includes colic flexures and transverse mesocolon
transverse colon
the s-shape region of the large intestine
sigmoid colod
lies in the right upper quadrant of the human abdomen
right colic flexure/ hepatic flexure
sharp bend between transverse colon and the descending colon
left colic flexure/ splenic flexure
is a small thin pounch; about 5-10 cm (2-4 in long
appendix
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
a chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine
rectum
a chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine; passageway of stool and feces from the descending colon to the anus
rectum
storage of feces
descending colon
urge to move bowels
defecation
pathway to excrete feces
anus
keeps the anus closed until the person has a bowel movement
muscular ring/ anal sphincter
