CELL Flashcards
the lowest level of organization of the human body
chemical level
smallest unit of matter
atoms
two or more atoms joined together
molecules
basic unit of life or an organism; a small membrane bound compartment
cell
level where the physiology starts; performs a particular function
tissue level
level where different types of tissues are joined together
organ level
are structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues
organs
level where a system consisting of related organs with a common function; also known as organ-system level
system level
level where an organism, any living individual, consist of all the parts of the human body functioning together
organismal level
the main cell of our body
stem cell
what are the 2 main parts of the cell
- cell membrane
2. cytoplasm
a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that function as channels and receptors;
main function: permeable boundary between cell and external environment
cell membrane
gelatin-fluid like that lies inside the cell membrane
main function: contains salt, minerals and organic molecules; surround the organelles
cytoplasm
a sphere that contains another sphere nucleolus
main function: storage center of cells DNA; manages cell functions
nucleus
a network of thin, fibrous elements made up of microtubules
main function: acts as a support system for organelles; maintains cell shape
cytoskeleton
hollow tubes and micro filaments
microtubules
consist of 2 subunits made of protein and RNA
main function: location of protein synthesis
ribosomes
where is DNA located
nucleus
where is RNA located
ribosomes
a system of membranous tubules and sacs
main function: intercellular highway ( a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another); pathway to deliver nutrients
endoplasmic reticulum
what are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
prominent in cells that make large amounts of proteins to be exported from the cell inserted into the cell membrane
coved with ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
involved in the synthesis of lipids and breakdown of toxic substances
covered with ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
staked flat sacs
main function: receives protein from the rER and distributes them to other organelles or out of the cells
receiving, processing, packaging, and shipping
golgi apparatus
term refer to other parts of the cells
organelles
folded membrane within the outer membrane
main function: power house of the cell; converts energy stored in food into usable energy for work
mitochondria
called to the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
cristae
suicide bag of the cell or the demolition site
main function: break down excess or worn out cell parts; they may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria
lysosomes
hair-like organelles that extends from the surface of cells
main function: cell motility
cilia and flangella
organelles that present large numbers
cilia
organelles that present less numerous and longer
flangella
composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arrange in a ring; exist in pairs
main function: important play in cell divisions or mitosis
centrioles
