Digestive System Flashcards
What is the main purpose of the GI tract?
The intake of nutrients for use of metabolism and excreting waste
What is the name of the whole tube of the digestive system?
Alignmentary cannal
5 steps of GI?
1) Food ingested
2) Mechanical digestion
3) Chemical digestion
4) Absorption
5) Excrete waste
What are the 2 factors that help the overall GI?
1) Motility
2) Secretion
7 main organs of the DS with measurements?
1) Oesophagus - 25cm
2) Stomach
3) Duodenum - 26cm
4) Jejunum + ileum - 4-6m
5) Colon - 135cm
6) Rectum - 12cm
7) Anal canal - 4cm
4 parts of the colon?
1) Ascending - 15cm
2) Transverse - 45cm
3) Descending - 30cm
4) Sigmoid - 45cm
4 accessory glands of the DS?
1) Salivary glands - enzymes + moisture
2) Pancrease - Enzymes
3) Liver + gall bladder
4) Appendix
4 physiological process of the DS?
1) Motility
2) Secretion
3) Digestion
4) Absorption
3 ways that control motility?
1) Peristalsis
2) Segmentation
3) Sphincters
What is the name of the serous membrane that encloses the abdominal cavity?
Peritoneum
What are the two types of peritoneum?
1) Parietal
2) Visceral
What are the 3 main reflections of peritoneum and where are they found?
1) Mesentery - from posterior below kidney
2) Retroperitoneum - found posterior outside of peritoneum eg. kidneys
3) Omeutum - organ to organ
Two types of Omeutum?
1) Greater - anterior
2) Lesser between organs transversely
Name the 3 main arteries that lead to the abdominal area
1) Celiac trunk
2) Superior mesenteric
3) Inferior mesenteric
Name the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
1) L-Gastric
2) Splenic
3) Common Hepatic
Name the 3 branches of the sup mesenteric
1) Colic arteries
2) Intestinal arteries
3) Ileocolic artery
Name the 3 branches of the inf mesenteric
1) L-colic artery
2) Sigmoid art
3) Sup rectal art
Name 4 types of epithelial tissue cells
1) Squamous - flat
2) Cuboidal - cube
3) Columnar - column
4) Compound - mixture
Where would you most likely find squamous cells?
Peritoneum
Where would you most likely find cuboidal cells?
Salivary glands
Where would you most likely find columnar cells?
Small intestines
Where would you most likely find compound cells?
Oesophagus
In terms of histology, how does a secretion cell differ to an absorption cell?
Secretion = boundary Absorption = connected to the brush border
What are the 4 layers of the GI wall?
1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis
4) Adventitia
What are the two layers of the muscularis and why?
1) Inner circular muscle for diameter
2) Outer longitudinal muscle for length
What are the 2 areas in the GI wall that the nervous system attaches to?
1) Meissner’s (submucosal) plexus
2) Myenteric plexus
What is the purpose of the nervous system being placed in these certain areas?
Meissner = controls secretion Myenteric = muscular control - peristalsis
Struct of the oesophagus
Mucosa = lining Muscularis = motility
Phys of the oesophagus
Protection + movement
What are the 3 types of salivary glands?
1) Submandibular - mixed
2) Parotid - serous
3) Sublingual - mucous
Difference between serous and mucous?
Serous = fluid, enzymes, dark Mucous = Thick, slimy, clear
What is a acinus?
A “bowl” of secretory cells
