Digestive System

Question 1

What is the main purpose of the GI tract?

Answer 1

The intake of nutrients for use of metabolism and excreting waste

Question 2

What is the name of the whole tube of the digestive system?

Answer 2

Alignmentary cannal

Question 3

5 steps of GI?

Answer 3

1) Food ingested
2) Mechanical digestion
3) Chemical digestion
4) Absorption
5) Excrete waste

Question 4

What are the 2 factors that help the overall GI?

Answer 4

1) Motility

2) Secretion

Question 5

7 main organs of the DS with measurements?

Answer 5

1) Oesophagus - 25cm
2) Stomach
3) Duodenum - 26cm
4) Jejunum + ileum - 4-6m
5) Colon - 135cm
6) Rectum - 12cm
7) Anal canal - 4cm

Question 6

4 parts of the colon?

Answer 6

1) Ascending - 15cm
2) Transverse - 45cm
3) Descending - 30cm
4) Sigmoid - 45cm

Question 7

4 accessory glands of the DS?

Answer 7

1) Salivary glands - enzymes + moisture
2) Pancrease - Enzymes
3) Liver + gall bladder
4) Appendix

Question 8

4 physiological process of the DS?

Answer 8

1) Motility
2) Secretion
3) Digestion
4) Absorption

Question 9

3 ways that control motility?

Answer 9

1) Peristalsis
2) Segmentation
3) Sphincters

Question 10

What is the name of the serous membrane that encloses the abdominal cavity?

Answer 10

Peritoneum

Question 11

What are the two types of peritoneum?

Answer 11

1) Parietal

2) Visceral

Question 12

What are the 3 main reflections of peritoneum and where are they found?

Answer 12

1) Mesentery - from posterior below kidney
2) Retroperitoneum - found posterior outside of peritoneum eg. kidneys
3) Omeutum - organ to organ

Question 13

Two types of Omeutum?

Answer 13

1) Greater - anterior

2) Lesser between organs transversely

Question 14

Name the 3 main arteries that lead to the abdominal area

Answer 14

1) Celiac trunk
2) Superior mesenteric
3) Inferior mesenteric

Question 15

Name the 3 branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 15

1) L-Gastric
2) Splenic
3) Common Hepatic

Question 16

Name the 3 branches of the sup mesenteric

Answer 16

1) Colic arteries
2) Intestinal arteries
3) Ileocolic artery

Question 17

Name the 3 branches of the inf mesenteric

Answer 17

1) L-colic artery
2) Sigmoid art
3) Sup rectal art

Question 18

Name 4 types of epithelial tissue cells

Answer 18

1) Squamous - flat
2) Cuboidal - cube
3) Columnar - column
4) Compound - mixture

Question 19

Where would you most likely find squamous cells?

Answer 19

Peritoneum

Question 20

Where would you most likely find cuboidal cells?

Answer 20

Salivary glands

Question 21

Where would you most likely find columnar cells?

Answer 21

Small intestines

Question 22

Where would you most likely find compound cells?

Answer 22

Oesophagus

Question 23

In terms of histology, how does a secretion cell differ to an absorption cell?

Answer 23

Secretion = boundary
Absorption = connected to the brush border

Question 24

What are the 4 layers of the GI wall?

Answer 24

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis
4) Adventitia

Question 25

What are the two layers of the muscularis and why?

Answer 25

1) Inner circular muscle for diameter

2) Outer longitudinal muscle for length

Question 26

What are the 2 areas in the GI wall that the nervous system attaches to?

Answer 26

1) Meissner’s (submucosal) plexus

2) Myenteric plexus

Question 27

What is the purpose of the nervous system being placed in these certain areas?

Answer 27

Meissner = controls secretion
Myenteric = muscular control - peristalsis

Question 28

Struct of the oesophagus

Answer 28

Mucosa = lining
Muscularis = motility

Question 29

Phys of the oesophagus

Answer 29

Protection + movement

Question 30

What are the 3 types of salivary glands?

Answer 30

1) Submandibular - mixed
2) Parotid - serous
3) Sublingual - mucous

Question 31

Difference between serous and mucous?

Answer 31

Serous = fluid, enzymes, dark
Mucous = Thick, slimy, clear

Question 32

What is a acinus?

Answer 32

A “bowl” of secretory cells