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SAM II > Digestive: Large Intestine > Flashcards

Digestive: Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomic boundaries of the large intestine?

A

Ileocolic junction -> anus

  • Cecum
  • Colon
    • Ascending
    • Transverse
    • Descending
  • Rectum
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2
Q

T/F: Compared to the small intestine, the cell turnover of the colon is faster.

A

False

Requires 4-7 days

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3
Q

What are the physiologic functions of the large intestine?

A

Water and electrolyte absorption (ascending and transverse colon)

Storage of feces (descending colon)

Fermentation

Defecation

Haustral contractions

Mass movement

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4
Q

Explain the absorption of water and electrolytes in the large intestine.

A
  1. Na+ pumped out, then enters down concentration gradient. Net positive charge in cell.
  2. Cl- down electrical gradient.: high solute concentration in cell, relative to lumen
  3. Water enters via osmosis
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5
Q

Define haustral contractions.

What are their purpose?

A

Haustral contractions are continuous segmental contractions responsible with mixing colonic contractions

They increase the exposure of the digests to colonic mucosa

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6
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of large intestinal disease?

A
  • Vomiting, diarrhea, melena, hematochezia
  • Constipation
  • Tenesmus, dyschezia
  • Fecal incontinence
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7
Q

Freckles is a 3yo, female, spayed, greyhound. She presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, and inappetence. Lately, her owners have noticed that her feces have been bright red colored.

You perform a fecal float and observe a lemon shaped egg with plugs at both ends (pic attatched).

What is your diagnosis?

A

Trichuris spp. infection

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8
Q

Freckles is a 3yo, female, spayed, greyhound. She presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, and inappetence. Lately, her owners have noticed that her feces have been bright red colored.

You perform a fecal float and observe a lemon shaped egg with plugs at both ends (pic attatched).

What treatment plan would you advise?

A

Deworming: Fenbendazole, pyrantel, febantel, moxidectine, milbemycine oxime

We would do 3 treatments now, in 3 weeks, and at 3 months.

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9
Q

Leo is a 6mo DSH who is presenting with diarrhea. When asked how long he’s had dirrhea, Leo’s owners say they just adopted him from a large, cat adoption facility. His owners complain that his bowel movements are often liquidy and sometimes contain mucus. They also complain that they smell horrendous. You complete a physical exam on Leo and notice that he has a 3/5 BCS.

What is the likely cause Leo’s diarrhea?

AND

What is the GOLD STANDARD test to confirm this diagnosis?

A

Tritrichomoniasis

Culture

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10
Q

Leo is a 6mo DSH who is presenting with diarrhea. When asked how long he’s had dirrhea, Leo’s owners say they just adopted him from a large, cat adoption facility. His owners complain that his bowel movements are often liquidy and sometimes contain mucus. They also complain that they smell horrendous. You complete a physical exam on Leo and notice that he has a 3/5 BCS.

You culture Leo’s feces and find evidence of a tropozoite protozoa (see attached pic).

What is your recommended treatment?

AND

What is a possible complication of this treatment?

A

Ronoidazole but be careful of neuro signs

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11
Q

You recently diagnosed a cat with Tritrichomoniasis. The owner is a cattle farmer and worried about the possibility of his cows getting T. foetus.

What clinical signs is the owner afraid of in his cows?

A

Abortion

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12
Q

You recently diagnosed a cat with Tritrichomoniasis. The condition resolved spontaneously. The owners would like to know the long-term prognosis and any ways they can prevent a recurrence. What do you tell them?

A

Prognosis is fair for spontaneous resolution

To prevent:

  • Minimize stress
  • Reduce the population-dense housing conditions
  • DO NOT reintroduce the cat to catteries
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13
Q

Roxy is a 2yo, spayed female boxer who is presenting with mucousy bright red diarrhea. During her physical exam you notice that she has lost weight and you notice that there is blood and mucus on the rectal exam. Her owners state that she is not eating as much as she normally does.

What is your diagnosis?

AND

What tests are you going to do to try to confirm this

A

Granulomaotus colitis

Histology and FISH

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14
Q

Roxy is a 2yo, spayed female boxer who is presenting with mucousy bright red diarrhea. During her physical exam you notice that she has lost weight and you notice that there is blood and mucus on the rectal exam. Her owners state that she is not eating as much as she normally does.

You complete a culture of the colonic mucosa to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility.

What organism are you culturing?

AND

How will the results impact your treatment plan?

A

E. coli

When it is enrofloxacin- sensitive

Give enrofloxacin 5-10 mg/kg every 24 hrs for a minimum of 6 weeks

When it is resistant

Use what you can but it needs to be able to penetrate macrophages

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15
Q

Clasify the following colitis as acute or chronic.

Sandy is a female spayed corgi-mix who has had mucoid diarrhea for the past week.

Bathilda is a female spayed GSD who has had mucoid diarrhea for the past month.

A

Sandi is acute and Bathilda is chronic

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16
Q

Sandy is a female spayed corgi-mix who has had mucoid diarrhea for the past week. She is drinking on her own and is not vomiting. Her owners complain that she has been having accidents in the house.

What are 4 aspects of symptomatic therapy for Sandy?

A

Maintain fluid balance: since Sandy is drinking on her own, we can just supply her with plenty of water and maybe giver her some oral rehydrating solution.

Local protectants and absobants: bismuth subsalicylate, kaolin, activated charcoal.

Motility modifiers: since Sandy is having accidents in the house we could consider diphenoxylate or loperamide

Antibiotics: if there was evidence of extensive mucosal damage, we could give metro. or TMS

17
Q

Bathilda is a female spayed GSD who has had mucoid diarrhea for the past month.

What diagnostics can you perform in this case?

A
  • Biochem
  • Fecal float
  • Cytology of rectal scraping
  • Diagnostic imagin (rads and US)
  • Colonoscopy with endoscopic biopsy
18
Q

Bathilda is a female spayed GSD who has had mucoid diarrhea for the past month.

To treat Bathilda, you are going to try dietary managment. In addition to trying an exclusion diet with fermentable fiber.

The owner is interested in probiotics and asks you to explain them.

A

Probiotics are live microorganisms that are beneficial to the host GI tract

19
Q

Bathilda is a female spayed GSD who has had mucoid diarrhea for the past month.

To treat Bathilda, you are going to tried dietary managment but her diarrhea continued.

What drugs are part of a drug therapy plan?

A

Metronidazole

Sulfasalazine

Glucocorticoids

Cytotoxic Agents

20
Q

Loki is a 9yo DSH who has been having mucoid dirrhea for the past 2 months. The owner remembers that you treated her sister’s dog Bathilda for the same condition and asks to start the drug therapy with the dietary management.

Compared to a dog’s drug therapy, what modifications do you need to make for a cat?

A

In cats, you can not use azathioprine, which is a cytotoxic agent

21
Q

Which of the following collitis case has a better prognosis:

Apollo a 1yo GSD who is responding well to an elimination diet.

OR
Zeus a 5yo GSD who needs steroids to manage his condition.

A

Apollo

22
Q

Simba is a 7yo cat with obstipation.

What is the most likely treatment?

A

Colectomy

SAM II (7 decks)

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