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CTO quiz 5 > Digestive Glands > Flashcards

Digestive Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Derivation of digestive glands

A

come from epithelium of the gut tube (endodermal origin)

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2
Q

glands assoc. w/ digestive tract

A

salivary glands, exocrine pancreas, liver

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3
Q

Functions of all glands assoc. w/ digestive tract

A

produce enzymes, bacteriocidal agents and IgA antibodies

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4
Q

Liver: main function

A

produces bile

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5
Q

Gallbladder: main function

A

stores and concentrates bile from the liver

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6
Q

Pancreas: main function

A

produces hormones

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7
Q

Glandular structure of salivary glands

A

acinus (bunch of grapes) + duct system

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8
Q

Progression of structures and epithelium in a branched tubulo-alveolar gland

A

main duct –> lobar duct (columnar stratified) –> interlobular duct (pseudostratified columnar epithelium) –> intralobular duct (cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium) –> striated duct (cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium) –> intercalated duct (squamous epithelium w/ myoepithelial cells) –> acinus (basement membrane, myoepithelial cells, columnar epithelium) SEE PIC

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9
Q

functions of salivary glands

A

lubricating (water and glycoproteins), digestive (salivary a-amylase for carb digestion), immunologic (IgA, lysozymes), protective (ex. pellicles = protective film on teeth)

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10
Q

major salivary glands (3)

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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11
Q

parotid gland type and location

A

purely serous, located anteroinferior to ears

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12
Q

submandibular gland type and location

A

mostly serous w/ some mucous, located beneath mouth

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13
Q

sublingual gland type and location

A

mostly mucous w/ some serous, located beneath tongue

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14
Q

characteristic types of salivary glands (1)

A
  1. serous acinus 2. mixed acinus and serous
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15
Q

intercalated ducts (intralobular)

A

found in mixed glands; simple squamous or simple cuboidal

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16
Q

appearance of mixed acinar/serous glands on slides

A

mucous unit has overlying serous demilune (artifact of preparation)

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17
Q

striated ducts (intralobular)

A

secretions drain from intercalated ducts –> striated ducts; basal cell membranes extensively infolded; collections of mitochondria create striations

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18
Q

cell functions in striated ducts

A

simple columnar cells: (1) do ion transport –> modify composition of salivary secretion (2) secrete lysozye and other factors, transport IgA from plasma cells –> saliva

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19
Q

interlobular ducts pathway and epithelium

A

b/t lobules, receive secretions from intralobular ducts and drain into interlobar ducts; mostly pseudostratified columnar, largest ones may have stratified columnar

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20
Q

draw table of glands vs. characteristics

A

see notes/ibook

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21
Q

pancreatic secretions into duodenum (2)

A

(1) proenzymes, activated in gut lumen: amylase, lipase, trypsinogen, ribonuclease (2) water and ions- bicarbonate

22
Q

cholecystokynin

A

controls activation of proenzymes from pancreas in gut lumen

23
Q

secretin

A

controls secretion of pancreatic water and ions

24
Q

negative marker for ID of pancreatic tissue on slides

A

no striated ducts, no myoepithelial cells

25
Q

characteristics of pancreatic ducts and tissue

A

intercalated ducts w/ retrograde extension into lumen of serous acinus –> forms a population of centroacinar cells; intralobular ducts flow into interlobar ducts –> main pancreatic ducts –> duodenum; islets/islets of langerhans

26
Q

centroacinar cells

A

found in pancreas; epithelial cells lining intercalated ducts migrate into center of acinus

27
Q

Functions of the liver (5)

A

(1) protein synth (2) bile secretion (3) detox and inactivation (4) storage (5) gluconeogenesis

28
Q

characteristics of classic liver lobule

A

portal triads, liver sinusoids, central vein

29
Q

portal triads

A

triad of hepatic artery branch, portal vein branch, and branch of bile duct around periphery of hepatocyte; bile exocytosed by hepatocytes –> portal triads –> bile ducts

30
Q

liver sinusoids

A

large diameter, discontinous capillaries w/ large fenestrae, incomplete basement membrane; facilitate exchange b/t blood and basal domain of hepatocytes

31
Q

central vein

A

liver is centered around central vein; blood flows hepatic artery + portal vein (both in portal triad) –> sinusoids –> central vein; central veins converge to hepatic vein –> IVC inferior to diaphragm –> R atrium

32
Q

kuppfer cells

A

resident macrophages of the liver, located in endothelium of sinusoids

33
Q

ito cells

A

involved in vitamin A storage and local immunity; located in perisinusoidal space

34
Q

space of Disse

A

perisinusoidal space, b/t endothelium of sinusoids and basal domain of hepatocytes (reticular fibers)

35
Q

flow of blood

A

from hepatic artery and portal vein –> sinusoids –> central vein in center of hepatocyte

36
Q

flow of bile

A

opposite to blood; exocytosed by hepatocytes –> travels peripherally to portal triads –> bile ducts –> liver

37
Q

epithelium of central vein

A

simple squamous

38
Q

sinusoid characteristics

A

discontinuous capillaries to allow larger molecules to pass through wall; space of Disse b/t reticular fibers and endothelium

39
Q

hepatocyte domains

A

(1) basal (2) lateral (3) apical

40
Q

basal domain of hepatocyte

A

where hepatocytes interface w/ blood from sinusoids

41
Q

lateral domain of hepatocyte

A

where hepatocytes interface w/ other hepatocytes; lots of gap junctions for passing materials

42
Q

apical domain of hepatocytes

A

where two hepatocytes membranes come together to form a canaliculus that bile is secreted into; two tight junctions on either side of canaliculus

43
Q

bile flow from hepatocytes

A

exocytosed at apical domains -> through canaliculi -> terminal ductules/cholangiols/canals of Herring -> bile duct branches in portal triad

44
Q

what happens if tight junctions of apical domains are blown?

A

jaundice

45
Q

wall mucosa composition of gallbladder

A

simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, NO muscularis mucosa

46
Q

what increases the surface area of mucosa in gallbladder? - outer wall

A

plicae on lateral cell membranes (mountain range folds), microvilli on apical surfaces

47
Q

endothelium facing lumen of gallbladder

A

simple columnar epithelium w/ no cilia or microvilli

48
Q

characteristics of outer wall of gallbladder facing peritoneal cavity vs. liver

A

facing peritoneum = covered by visceral peritoneum; facing liver = covered by adventitia

49
Q

What is the purpose and mechanism of increased surface area of the gallbladder?

A

necessary for concentration of bile; pumping Na+ and Cl- through lateral walls to intracelluluar space to create osmotic gradient, water leaves the lumen of gallbladder –> more concentrated bile

50
Q

What does the gallbladder do after a fatty meal?

A

squirts bile into gut to help digest fat

CTO quiz 5 (2 decks)

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