Digestive

Question 1

What level of the vertebrae does the esophogus begin?

Answer 1

C6

Question 2

Aorta and Vena Cavae are on which sides of the body?

Answer 2

Aorta: Left Vena Cavae: Right

Question 3

3 Areas where the esophogus may become restricted and restrict the passage of a bolus.

Answer 3

Junction of pharynx and esophagus at the level of the epiglottis

Passes through diaphragm

Aorta and left bronchus cross in front of the esophagus

Question 4

Layers of Esophagus

Answer 4

1. )Mucosa: squamous epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
2. ) Submucosa w/ esophageal glands
3. ) musularis externa (longitudinal and circular)

NOTE: No serousa!, only adventitia

Question 5

Muscular composition of esophagus

Answer 5

Upper 1/3- striated skeletal muscle
Middle- skeletal/smooth muscle
Lower 1/3- smooth muscle

In muscularis externa there is longitudinal (outer portion) and circular muscle (inner portion)

Question 6

Blood supply to esophagus

Answer 6

Inferior thyrioid artery, thoracic aorta, left gastric artery

Question 7

Function of stomach

Answer 7

Bulk storage of ingested food

mechanical and chemical breakdown of ingested food

Question 8

Rugae and its function

Answer 8

Longitudinal folds in the stomach, mix and churn chyme

Increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 9

Pathway of blood supply to and from stomach

Answer 9

TO: celiac trunk–> right and left gastric arteries
*Right gastric artery branches off of common hepatic artery of celiac trunk
FROM: Gastric veins–>portal vein

Question 10

Arterial blood supply to regions of the stomach

Answer 10

Left gastric: feeds cardia and lesser curvature
Right gastric: lesser curvaute
Splenic artery: feeds greater curvature

Question 11

3 Segments of Small Intestine

Answer 11

duodenum- shortest, ends at flexur where the head of the pancreas meets the small intestines

jejunum- middle of small intestine, moderate thickness of mesentary

illeum-longest, thicker mesentary, ends at illeocecal valve just before the ceucm

duodenum: 26 centimeters (9.84 inches)
jejunum: 2.5 meters (8.2 feet)
ileum: 3.5 meters (11.5 feet)

Question 12

Lining of intestines

Answer 12

plicae

Question 13

Mesentaric artery supplies blood to which parts of the intestines?

Answer 13

Superior mesenteric artery- supplies right side of colon

Inferior mesenteric artery- supplies left side of colon

Question 14

Ligament of Trietz- Significance, Location, and Function

Answer 14

Function- suspensory muscle of duodenum, connects diaphragm to small intestine.

Location- between duodenum and jejunum

Significance- marks the upper and lower GI tract

Question 15

What are the longitudinal muscle fibers called?

Answer 15

Teniae Coli

Question 16

Haustra

Answer 16

located in the large intestine

permit distention and elongation

Question 17

Boundaries of Abdominal Cavity

Answer 17

1.) Abdominal walls- (Anterolateral wall) external/internal obliques, transverses, rectus muscles
(Posterior wall) 5 lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia. psoas, quadrates lumborum, oblique, nerves, and vessles.

2. ) Diaphragm
3. ) Pelvis

Question 18

Center point of horizontal and vertical lines that divide abdomen into quadrants

Answer 18

Belly button

Question 19

Regions of abdomen that dont fit into quadrants

Answer 19

epigastric
periumbilical
suprapubic

Question 20

Quadrants of Abdomen

Answer 20

Upper right- liver, right kidney, duodenum, illeum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, part of pancreas

Upper left- stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, jejunum, illeum, transverse colon, splenic flexure, part of descending colon

Lower left- part of descending colon, sigmoid colon, illeum, jejunum?

Lower right- illeum, jejunum, cecum, appendix, part of ascending colon

Question 21

Organs in Retroperitoneal Cavity

Answer 21

SAD PUCKER + thoracic duct, bladder, and colon

Question 22

Organs in Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 22

Stomach, liver, intestines

Question 23

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 23

lies along rib cage

Question 24

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 24

lies on intestines/organs

encases intestines, stomach, and liver

Question 25

Function of Omentum

Answer 25

fat deposition, immune function, wall off tumor, infection, and wound

Question 26

Borders of Greater Omentum

Answer 26

greater curvature of stomach down to pelvis back up to the transverse colon Apron-like

Question 27

Borders of Lesser Omentum

Answer 27

Lesser curvature of stomach, proximal duodenum to liver

Question 28

Foramen of Winslow Significance and location

Answer 28

Location- cavity between lesser omentum and pancreast, allows access to pancreas, spleen, IVC, and aorta

Question 29

Splenic connection to liver

Answer 29

splenic vein to hepatic portal vein

Question 30

Functions of Spleen

Answer 30

Immune- WBC, Antibodies--white pulp | Recycles RBC-- red pulp

Question 31

Ampulla of Vater

Answer 31

union of pancreatic duct and common bile duct just before they enter the duodenum

Question 32

Diaphragmatic Surface of Liver

Answer 32

Bare

Question 33

Seperates Right and Left Liver Lobes

Answer 33

Falciform Ligament- attaches to diaphragm * Round ligament stems off of falciform ligament

Question 34

Name of area where vasculature enters liver

Answer 34

hepata porta

Question 35

Hepatic Portal Circulation

Answer 35

Inferior and Superior Mesenterics, Right and Left Gastrics, and Splenic converge to Hepatic portal vein--> hepatic veins to inferior vena cavae

Question 36

Gallbladder function and location

Answer 36

Function- stores bile | Location- inferior ventral surface of liver

Question 37

Passageway of Bile from Liver to Duodenum

Answer 37

Liver--> Left and Right hepatic ducts-->Common Hepatic Ducts-->Gallbladder--> cystic duct--> Common Bile Duct--> Duodenum

Question 38

Development of Jaundice

Answer 38

Blocked common bile duct