digestive Flashcards
what are the major symptoms for Dental Caries
Appear as holes or pits in the teeth
what is the causative organism for Dental Caries
Streptococcus mutans
what type of pathogen is Dental Caries
Bacteria (Gram +)
what is the key associations for Dental Caries
Diets high in sucrose increase the risk of decay
what are the major symptoms for Gingivitis
Gums that are swollen, tender, bright red, or bleeding
what is the causative organism for Gingivitis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
what is another name for Gingivitis
Peridontitis
what type of pathogen is Gingivitis
Bacteria (Gram -)
what is the causative organism for Peptic Ulcer
Helicobacter pylori
what is the mode of transmission for Peptic Ulcer
Fecal-oral transmission
what type of Peptic Ulcer do you have if it get relived by food
duodenal
what type of Peptic Ulcer do you have if it gets exacerbated by food
gastric
what is the major symptom for Cholera (bacterial
gastroenteritis)
Rice-water stool
what is the causative organism for Cholera (bacterial
gastroenteritis)
Vibrio cholerae
that is the mode of transmission for Cholera (bacterial
gastroenteritis)
Fecal-oral, through contaminated food and water
what is the key association for Cholera (bacterial
gastroenteritis)
most common Vibrio to infect humans
what are the major symptoms for Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
purulent bloody stools
blood, pus or mucus in stool
what is the causative organism for Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Shigella sonnei,
S. flexner
what is the main way to get Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
consuming contaminated foods
esp cold foods & salads
what is another name for Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Bacillary dysentery or
Shiga toxin
what are the major symtoms for Traveler’s Diarrhea
Watery diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting (N/V)
what is the causative organism for Traveler’s Diarrhea
Escherichia coli
O157:H7
what is the key association for Traveler’s Diarrhea
E. coli most commonly causes GI infection
what are the major symptoms for Campylobacter Diarrhea
Bloody and frequent diarrhea
10+/day x 7-10 days
what is the mode of transmission for Campylobacter Diarrhea
Poultry is the most common
what is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US
Campylobacter Diarrhea
what are the major symptoms for Pseudomembranous colitis
Diarrhea, inflammation
of colon with formation
of pseudo-membranes
what is the mode of transmission for Pseudomembranous
colitis
Extremely common opportunist after taking antimicrobials; common nosocomial infection
what is the key association for Pseudomembranous
colitis
Life threatening peritonitis due to massive internal
infection by fecal bacteria
what is another name for Salmonellosis Salmonella food poisoning
Salmonella food poisoning or
Salmonella poisoning
what is the mode of transmission for Salmonellosis
eggs, poultry, inadequately pasteurized milk
what are the major symptoms for Salmonellosis: Typhoid Fever
bacteremia; can lead to peritonitis
what are the major symptoms for Clostridial Food Poisoning
Abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea, NO fever, or N/V
how long does Clostridial Food Poisoning last
Fairly benign, < 24 hours
what are the major symptoms for Yersinia
Food Poisoning
Inflammation of the intestinal tract: diarrhea, fever (weeks or months), sometimes mimics appendicitis
what is the mode of transmission for Yersinia
Food Poisoning
Consumption of contaminated pork, milk, water, and tofu
what is another name for Bacillus cereus food poisoning
Fried Rice Syndrome
what is the mode of transmission for Bacillus cereus food poisoning
Consumption of rice dishes cooked and held
at warm temp for hours
what are the major symptoms for Oral Herpes
cold sores
what is the key association for Oral Herpes
Latent virus usually in trigeminal ganglia
what are the major symptoms for Mumps
Painful enlargement of the parotid salivary glands (parotitis);
testicular swelling in boys (orchitis)
what is the causative organism that will cause 90% of viralgastroenteriti
Norovirus
what is the Most common cause of infantile
gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
what is the major symptom for Hepatitis A
Jaundice
what is another name for Hepatitis A
Infectious Hepatitis
what is the key association for Hepatitis A
resistant to common household disinfectants
what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis B
Most asymptomatic or have mild symptoms; Jaundice
associated with liver cancer
what is the key association for Hepatitis B
Coinfection with Hepatitis D virus increases risk of
permanent liver damage
what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis C
Chronic infection with few if any symptoms
what is the key association for Hepatitis C
Accounts for most non- A, non-B hepatitis in the US
what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis D
Jaundice, plays a role in triggering liver cancer
what is the key association for Hepatitis D
Needs HBV co- infection, so called a satellite virus
what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis E
Fatal in 20% of pregnant women
what is another name for Hepatitis E
Enteric hepatitis
what are the major symptoms for Giardiasis
Severe watery diarrhea,
“rotten egg” smelling stools
what is the mode of transmission for Giardiasis
Ingesting cysts in
contaminated water or
when swimming
what is another name for Giardiasis
Beaver Fever
what are the major symptoms for Cryptosporidiosis
Severe diarrhea, headache, muscular pain, ramping, severe fluid and weight loss
what is the mode of transmission for Cryptosporidiosis
Drinking contaminated water; Fecal-oral transmission
what is another name for Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium enteritis
what are the major symptoms for Cyclosporiasis
myalgia, and fever; AIDS patients more severe
what is the mode of transmission for Cyclosporiasis
Outbreaks have been linked to raspberries
what is the causative organism for Balantidiasis
Balantidium coli
what are the major symptoms for Balantidiasis
Healthy adults: asymptomatic;
Poor health: persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss
what are the major symptoms for a Tapeworm Infestations that is in beef
Most are asymptomatic;
Nausea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea may occur
what is the causative organism for a beef Tapeworm Infestations
Taenia saginata
what is a beef Tapeworm Infestations called
proglottids = tapeworm segments
what is a pork tapeworm called
Pork tapeworm proglottids = tapeworm segments
what is the causative organism for a pork Tapeworm Infestations
Taenia solium
what are the major symptoms for a Tapeworm Infestations in fish
80% of cases are asymptomatic;
Diarrhea, abd pain, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, constipation; possible megaloblastic anemia
what is another name for a fish Tapeworm Infestations
diphyllobothriasis
what are the major symptoms caused but a Tapeworm Infestations from dog feces
Hydatid cysts(calcifications) can form in any organ but occur primarily in the liver
what is another name for a Tapeworm Infestations that is caused by dog feces
Canine tapeworm
what is the most common nematode infection of humans WORLDWIDE
Ascariasis
what is the 2nd most common nematode affecting humans WORLDWIDE
Hookworm Infections
what is the most common parasitic worm in the US
Pinworm Infestations
what are the major symptoms for Hookworm Infections
Ground itch at site of larvae penetration; Causes chronic anemia, iron and protein deficiencies
what is the mode of transmission for Hookworm infections
Larvae penetrate the skin, usually of the foot
what are the major symptoms for Ascariasis
Most asymptomatic;
Pulmonary: dry cough, difficulty breathing, bloody sputum
intestinal obstruction;
what are the major symptoms for Pinworm Infestations
Intense perianal itching (esp at night)
,
what is the mode of transmission for Pinworm Infestations
Females deposit eggs in the perianal region at
night; easily spread on bedding, from person-
person after scratching
what is the major symptoms for Dracunculiasis
After about a year of infection, the worm forms a blister on the skin, generally on the foot, which breaks open
what is another name for Dracunculiasis
Guinea worm disease
how do you get rid of Dracunculiasis
winding the worm out on a stick
what are the major symptoms for Trichinosis
Mild cases asymptomatic
muscle pain and weakness
what is another name for Trichinosis
Trichinellosis; NOT common in US
what are the major symptoms for Intestinal fluke infection
Most asymptomatic allergic responses, intestinal obstruction
what is another name for Intestinal fluke infection
fasciolopsiasis
what are the major symptoms for Liver Fluke Infection
Tissue death, abdominal pain, fever, N/V, diarrhea
what is another name for Liver Fluke Infection
fascioliasis
