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anaphy > digestive > Flashcards

digestive Flashcards

1
Q

taking in food

A

ingestion

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2
Q

ingestion is facilitated by

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus

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3
Q

breaking food into nutrients

A

digestion

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4
Q

digestion is facilitated by

A

mouth and small intestines

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5
Q

Mouth: ________ digestion through chewing, ______ digestion through amylase (breakdown of amylose sugars into smaller subunits)

A

mechanical, chemical

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6
Q

facilitates final digestion

A

small intestine

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7
Q

temporary storage of food

A

stomach

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8
Q

movement of nutrients into the bloodstream

A

absorption

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9
Q

absorption is facilitated by

A

small and large intestine

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10
Q

extracts nutrients and minerals from digested food in intestines

A

small intestine

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11
Q

absorbs leftover nutrients from the small intestine, watery absorption

A

large intestine

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12
Q

excretes to rid the body of indigestible waste

A

defecation

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13
Q

defacation is facilitated by

A

rectum and anus

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14
Q

connects large intestine to the anus

A

rectum

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15
Q

exit point of materials

A

anus

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16
Q

two main groups of organs

A

alimentary canal & accessory digestive organs

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17
Q

continuous, coiled hollow tube that runs through the ventral cavity from stomach to anus (composed only of 2 muscles)

A

alimentary canal

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18
Q

alimentary canal organs

A

Mouth -> Pharynx -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small I -> Large I -> Anus

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19
Q
  • include teeth, tongue, salivary glands, and several large digestive organs
  • mechanical and chemical digestion
  • Assist digestion in various ways
A

accessory digestive organs

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20
Q

what organs in accessory digestive secretes chemicals that helps in digestion in small intestines?

A

liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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21
Q

mucuous membrane-lined cavity (keep moist)

A

mouth (oral cavity)

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22
Q

protect the anterior opening (regulate opening and closing of mouth)

A

lips (labia)

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23
Q

form the lateral walls

A

cheeks

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24
Q

forms anterior roof

A

hard palate

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25
Q

forms the posterior roof (soft as not supported by palatine bone)

A

soft palate

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26
Q

fleshy projection of the soft palate, prevents
food from returning to the mouth after swallowing

A

uvula

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27
Q

space between lips externally and teeth and gums
internally

A

vestibule

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28
Q
  • connects lips and gums to the face (diagonal on the vestibules)
  • regulates lip movement
A

labial frenulum

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29
Q

area contained by the teeth (posterior the teeth)

A

oral cavity proper

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30
Q

tounge is attached at _____ bone and ____________ of the skull (keeps tongue in place) and by the lingua frenulum to the floor of the mouth

A

hyoid; styloid

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31
Q

attached at hyoid bone and styloid processes of the
skull (keeps tongue in place) and by the lingua frenulum to the floor of the mouth

A

tounge

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32
Q

2 locations of tonsils

A

palatine & lingual

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33
Q

located at posterior end of oral cavity

A

palatine

34
Q

located at the base of the tounge

A

lingual

35
Q

chewing of food

A

mastication

36
Q
  • it mixes masticated food with saliva
  • initiates swallowing
A

tounge

37
Q

true or false

taste buds on the tounge allow for taste

A

true

38
Q

fill in the blanks

  • Each taste bud has __ taste cells and they are connected to taste receptors
  • __ of what we eat is what we smell
A

-40
-80%

39
Q

serves as a passageway for foods, fluids and air

A

pharynx

40
Q

food passes from the mouth posterior to oral cavity

A

oropharynx

41
Q

food passes from the mouth below the oropharynx and continues with the esophagus

A

laryngopharynx

42
Q

circular balls of food

A

bolus

43
Q

food is ______ to the esophagus by two skeletal muscle layers in the pharynx

  • ________ outer layer
  • ________ inner layer
A
  • propelled
  • longitudinal
  • circular
44
Q

alternating contractions of the muscle layers

A

peristalsis

45
Q

runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm and is about 10 inches long

A

esophagus

46
Q

layers of tissue in the alimentary canal organs innermost to outermost, from esophagus to the large intestine

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

47
Q

Innermost, moist membrane that consists simple columnar epithelium

A

mucosa

48
Q

mucosa lines the cavity that acs as the passageway of food

A

lumen

49
Q

soft connective tissue with blood vessels and found beneath the mucosa

A

submucosa

50
Q

smooth muscles that contains inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer for peristalsis motion

A

muscularis externa

51
Q

outermost layer of the wall that contains serous fluid

A

serosa

52
Q

innermost layer that is continuous with the outermost layer

A

Visceral peritoneum

53
Q

outermost layer that lines the abdominopelvic cavity by way of the mesentery

A

parietal peritoneum

54
Q

anchors organs in place, keeps S.I. in place

A

mesenteries

55
Q

submucosa and mucosa (secretory activity) actual release of mucus in the mucus region

A

submucosal nerve plexus

56
Q

longitudinal and circular muscle (regulate mobility)

A

Myenteric nerve plexus

57
Q

true or false

alimentary canal nerve pulses regulate mobility and secrotory activity of the Gl tract organs

A

true

58
Q

C-shaped organ located on the left side of the abdominal cavity (right side – liver)

A

stomach

59
Q

food enters at the __________ sphincter from the esophagus to the stomach

A

cardioesophageal

60
Q

Food empties into the small intestine at the _______ sphincter’ (valve)

A

pyloric

61
Q

internal folds of the mucosa present when the stomach is empty

A

rugae

62
Q

double layer of peritoneum

A

lesser omentum

63
Q

cover the abdominal organs and another extension of peritoneum

A

greater omentum

64
Q

near the heart and surrounds the cardiosophageal sphincter and this is where heartburn happens

A

cardial

65
Q

expanded portion lateral to the cardiac region

A

fundus

66
Q

mid portion of stomach

A

body

67
Q
  • convex lateral surface
  • greater omentum is connected that attaches the stomach to transverse colon
A

greater curvature

68
Q
  • concave medial surface
  • lesser omentum is connected that attaches the stomach to liver
A

lesser curvature

69
Q

funnel-shaped terminal
end, where pyloric sphincter is found

A

pylorus

70
Q

True or false

stratified columnar epithelium composed almost entirely of mucous cells

A

false; simple

71
Q

produce protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)

A

chief cells

72
Q

produce HCI that activates enzymes (pepsinogen to pepsin)

A

parietal cells

73
Q

produce thin acidic mucus (different from the mucus produced by mucous cells of the mucosa)

A

mucous neck cells

74
Q

produce local hormones such as gastrin

A

enteroendocrine cells

75
Q
  • body’s major digestive organ
  • site of nutrient absorption into the blood
A

small intestine

76
Q

3 subdivisions of intestines

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

77
Q

first part, receives materials from stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

A

duodenum

78
Q

middle part, where further digestion and absorption happen

A

jejunum

79
Q

last part, joins the large I at the
ileocecal valve

A

ileum

80
Q

temporary storage site of bile

A

gallbladder

81
Q
A

anaphy (5 decks)

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