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Anatomy and P > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Herbivore

A

eat plants

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2
Q

Carnivore

A

eat meat

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3
Q

Omnivore

A

eat meat and plants

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4
Q

Herbivore is the process of converting consumed plant material into useable nutrients and energy is ________on microbial fermentation within the GI tract

A

Heavily dependent

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5
Q

Carnivore GI tract is responsible for converting consumed meals into nutrients and energy _______ of a microbial fermentation chamber.

A

without the aid

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6
Q

Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)

A
  1. Herbivores
  2. Large microbial fermentation
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7
Q

Nonruminants herbivores (horses) are also called what

A

Hindgut fermenters

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8
Q

What do nonruminants herbivores have?

A

extremely well-developed and expansive fermentation chamber

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9
Q

Carnivores have an inconspicuous and small ___ because microbes play an ____ role in breaking down their food

A

cecum, insignificant

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10
Q

What organ play a part in both lubrication and digestion?

A

salivary glands

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11
Q

Which is the movement of ingesta from the reticulorumen back into the oral cavity for continued chewing?

A

rumination

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12
Q

Which animal requires rasping (or floating) of the teeth periodically to remove enamel points?

A

Horses

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13
Q

Which of the following sugars can be transported across the brush border cell membrane and absorbed into the body?

A

galactose

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14
Q

Which teeth are described as “cutting teeth” in both carnivores and herbivores?

A

Premolar

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15
Q

Which is the movement of ingesta from the reticulorumen back into the oral cavity for continued chewing?

A

rumination

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16
Q

What part of the stomach is responsible for most of the grinding up of swallowed food and regulates hydrochloric acid?

A

pyloric antrum

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17
Q

Which of the following does not contribute to the protective lining of the stomach wall?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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18
Q

Which is not a function of the liver?

A

storage of bile

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19
Q

Function of liver (3)

A
  1. synthesizing nutrients
  2. Regulating their release into the bloodstream
  3. excreting toxic substances
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20
Q

What is not a function of the digestive tract

A

filter toxins

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21
Q

You discover a periodontal lesion of the inner surface of the lower right canine tooth. You would record that lesion as being on the ____ surface of the right canine tooth

A

Lingual

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22
Q

In the adult pig (dental formula: I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/3) how many teeth are in the upper arcade?

A

22

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23
Q

What part of the pancreas is responsible for producing & “dumping” digestive enzymes into the intestinal tract?

A

Exocrine

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24
Q

Which teeth in both carnivores and herbivores typically have flatter occlusal surfaces used for grinding?

A

molars

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25
Q

What cells are located in the pylorus and body of the stomach?

A

parietal cells, chief cells, and mucous cells

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26
Q

Where and how are volatile fatty acids produced?

A

rumen by microbes

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27
Q

The digestive compartment of ruminants is a series of muscular sacs separated from each other by long, muscular folds of wall called pillars.

A

Rumen

28
Q

Where does membranous digestion occur?

A

at the brush border

29
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract consists of epithelium and loose connective tissue?

A

Mucosa

30
Q

Which is the movement of ingesta that propels contents throughout the intestines?

A

peristalsis

31
Q

What clinical sign is seen when a diet is changed faster than the digestive enzymes can change to match the new diet?

A

Diarrhea

32
Q

Abomasum is the

A

true stomach of ruminants.

33
Q

Peristalsis

A

Type of contraction that moves contents through the digestive tract in waves.

34
Q

G cells

A

Cells in the pyloric antrum that secrete gastrin.

35
Q

Reticulum

A

The most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach

36
Q

left lower jaw

A

300

37
Q

Right upper jaw

A

100

38
Q

Left upper jaw

A

200

39
Q

Right lower jaw

A

400

40
Q

surface toward roof of mouth

A

palatal

41
Q

surface toward lips

A

labial

42
Q

Surface toward tongue

A

Lingual

43
Q

surface toward check

A

Buccal

44
Q

starch enzyme

A

Amylase nutrient

45
Q

proteins enzyme

A

Trypsin nutrient

46
Q

Lipids enzyme

A

Lipase nutrient

47
Q

increases the secretion of HCl

A

gastrin

48
Q

creates a stomach pH around 2

A

hydrochloric acid

49
Q

protection of stomach from acid environment

A

mucous

50
Q

inhibits gastric emptying

A

cholecystokinin

51
Q

decreases the secretion of HCl

A

secretin

52
Q

What are deciduous teeth?

A

Baby teeth

53
Q

Which set of teeth are used for grinding?

A

Molar

54
Q

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

A

production of cholesterol

55
Q

What layer of the small intestine has villi with brush border?

A

Mucosal

56
Q

The _____ surrounds and protects the tooth pulp, it is more dense than bone.

A

Enamel

57
Q

Where does bilirubin come from and what does the liver do with it?

A

It comes from the breakdown of heme; It is conjugated by hepatocytes and is excreted with the bile.

58
Q

Which part of the ruminant system is most like a monogastric stomach?

A

Abomasum

59
Q

What carries bile acids from the gallbladder to the common bile duct?

A

cystic duct

60
Q

Where are bile acids made?

A

Liver

61
Q

Chemical digestion of food begins in the :

A

oral cavity

62
Q

Where are trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase produced?

A

pancreas

63
Q

Which animals have a large cecum (are hindgut fermenters)?

A

Horse and Rabbits

64
Q

Liver produces (3)

A
  1. plasma proteins
  2. cholestrol
  3. blood coagulation factors
65
Q

4 layers of GI tract

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. serosa
  4. Muscular

Anatomy and P (18 decks)

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