Digestion (Lab 6)

Question 1

Ingestion

Answer 1

Takes in food & Water into the mouth

Question 2

Secretion

Answer 2

Releases water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the G.I. Tract

Question 3

Motility

Answer 3

Mixes and moves secretions towards the anus

Question 4

Digestion

Answer 4

Breaks down food into smaller forms for absorption

Question 5

Absorption

Answer 5

Takes up nutrients into bloodstream to transport to the rest of the body

Question 6

Defication

Answer 6

Elimination of wastes & other substances from the body

Question 7

What are the two groups of the digestive system?

Answer 7

G.I. Tract & Accessory Structures

Question 8

What are the structures of the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract?

Answer 8

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Question 9

What are the Accessory digestive organs?

Answer 9

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Pancreas
Liver 
Gall Bladder

Question 10

What are the 6 processes?

Answer 10

Absorption
Secretion
Ingestion
Digestion
Motility
Defecation

Question 11

What are the 4 functional layers?

Answer 11

Serosa (outermost layer)
Muscularis
Submucosa
Mucosa (innermost layer)

Question 12

Serosa (outermost layer)

Answer 12

Forms peritoneum, folds into mesentaries

Question 13

Muscularis

Answer 13

Main muscle layer. Contains both voluntary and involuntary layer. Neurons control GI motility

Question 14

Submucosa

Answer 14

Elastic connective tissue. Contains blood and lymphatic vessels. Neurons control GI secretion

Question 15

Muscoa (innermost layer)

Answer 15

Various epithelial cells. Contain blood and lymphatic vessels. Thin Layer of muscle

Question 16

Bolus

Answer 16

A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed

Question 17

Chyme

Answer 17

The semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 18

What are the salivary glands?

Answer 18

Parotid Gland
Sublingual Gland
Submandibular Gland

Question 19

Salivary Lipase

Answer 19

Begins carbohydrate digestion

Question 20

Lingual Lipase

Answer 20

Begins lipid digestion

Question 21

What are the 2 sphincters of the stomach?

Answer 21

Gastroesophageal Sphincter

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 22

Gastroesophageal Sphincter

Answer 22

Located at the junction of the stomach and esophagus. It prevents the back flow of digested food back into the esophagus.

Question 23

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 23

Located at the junction of the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum. Helps regulate the flow of partially digested food from stomach into the small intestine

Question 24

Gallbladder

Answer 24

The organ that stores bile

Question 25

Emulsification

Answer 25

Fat globules broken down into small lipid molecules so that surface area increases. This makes it easier for lipase to do its job.

Question 26

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

Answer 26

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 27

Small intestine

Answer 27

The part of the GI tract between the stomach and the large intestine that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and illeum. Food digestion and absorption.

Question 28

What are the brush border enzymes?

Answer 28

Lactase
Protease
Diasaccarides
Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 29

What are the structures that increase surface area?

Answer 29

Villi
Microvilli
Circular folds

Question 30

What are the 3 structures of the Large intestine?

Answer 30

Colon
Rectum
cecum

Question 31

What are the primary functions of the liver?

Answer 31

Absorption of water, ions, and vitamins. Forms and secretes feces.

Question 32

What vitamins do the large intestine produce?

Answer 32

Vitamin K, Riboflavin, Thiamine, and biotin

Question 33

Ileocecal Valve

Answer 33

Controls what comes into the large intestine from the small intestine. (located within the cecum)