Digestion And Food Tests Flashcards
What is a stroke?
The loss of brain function arising when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted
What is a heart attack?
The result of a blocked coronary artery which supplies the heart with oxygen and glucose
What are processed foods?
Often contain additives, artificial flavours and other chemical ingredients
What is the test for starch?
Iodine Test
What are the colour changes in the iodine test?
Orange/yellow to blue/black
What is the test for sugar?
Benedict’s Test
What are the colour changes in the Benedict’s test?
Blue to green to brick red
What is the test for protein?
Biuret test
What are the colour changes in the Biuret test?
Pale blue to violet
What is the test for fat?
Emulsion test
What are the changes in the emulsion test?
Water becomes cloudy especially at the top
How do you work out the energy in food?
Rise in temperature x volume of water x 4.2
How many KJs are in 1g of Protein?
17kJ
How many kJs are in 1g of Fat?
37kJ
How many kJs are in 1g of Carbohydrates?
17kJ
What are the incisors?
Found at the front of mouth
Used to bite
What are the canines?
Found at the side of the mouth
Used for tearing
What are the premolars and molars?
Found at the back of mouth
Used for chewing and grinding
What is enamel?
The outer covering of a tooth which is very hard
What is dentine?
Found below the enamel
Contains living cells
What is the pulp cavity?
Contains nerves and blood vessels
What is the cement and periodontal fibres?
Holds the tooth in the socket
What is ingestion?
Food is taken through the mouth
What is digestion?
The food broken down from insoluble to soluble substances
What is assimilation?
Soluble products taken to cells and used
What is egestion?
Food removed out of anus
What is mechanical digestion?
Food is broken up by the teeth and tongue and churned in the stomach by muscular movements
What is chemical digestion?
Food is broken down by enzymes
What are enzymes?
They speed up the chemical reaction without being used up
What is amylase?
Breaks down starch into glucose
What is protease?
Breaks down proteins into amino acids
What is lipase?
Breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
What is the first part of the digestive system?
The mouth
What happens in the mouth?
Food is mechanically digested by the teeth
Food is mixed with saliva which lubricates the food for swallowing
What is the second part of the digestive system?
The oesophagus
What happens in the oesophagus?
Food is pushed along this tube form the mouth to the stomach by waves of muscles in a process called peristalsis
What is peristalsis?
The muscle contraction and relaxation moving the food through the digestive system
What is the third part of the digestive system?
The stomach
What happens in the stomach?
Food stays in the stomach for about 4 hours
Food is mechanically digested by the constant muscle contraction
Glands in stomach wall release hydrochloric acid which kills germs
What is the fourth part of the digestive system?
Digestion in the small intestine, liver and pancreas
What is the small intestine?
The longest part of the digestive system
What is duodenum?
First part of the small intestine
What is the gall bladder?
This is where bile is stored after it has been made in the liver
What is emulsion?
Formed when fat is broken down into smaller droplets which. Increase the surface area for enzymes to function
What is the pancreas?
Contains amylase, protease and lipase
What is the ileum?
The small intestine where digestion is completed
What happens in the small intestine, liver and pancreas?
Blue is made in your liver and stored in your gall bladder
It is released into the duodenum and because it’s alkaline, it helps to neutralise the stomach acid
What is the fifth part of the digestive system?
Absorption
What is absorption?
The movement of digested food into molecules from the intestines to the blood
What is villi?
Finger-like projections which increase the surface area for absorption
What is the sixth part of the digestive system?
The large intestine
What happens in the large intestine?
All that is left of the food is a wet mixture of indigestible fibre, bacteria and dead cells which have rubbed off the lining of the gut wall
Most of the remaining water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream
What is reabsorption?
In the large intestine, water is reabsorbed back into the blood
What is the last part of the digestive system?
Excretion
What is excretion?
The removal of toxic metabolic waste substances produced through chemical reactions in the body
