Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

Is the digestive process voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 1

Involuntary

Question 2

What are the components of the digestive system?

Answer 2

Salivary glands.
Duodenum
Jejenum
Pharynx.
Esophagus.
Stomach.
Small Intestine.
Large Intestine.
Rectum.
Accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 3

What are the 4 hormones that regulate digestion?

Answer 3

1. Gastrin
2. GIP
3. CCK
4. Secretin

Question 4

What is the origin, stimulus and action of: gastrin?

Answer 4

Origin- Stomach and Duodenum
Stimulus- Food in the stomach
Action- Stimulate flow of stomach enzymes

Question 5

What is the origin, stimulus and action of: GIP

Answer 5

Origin- Duodenum and Jejunum
Stimulus- Lipids and Proteins
Action- Stomach acid and Enzymes (Slows emptying)

Question 6

What is the origin, stimulus and action of: CCK

Answer 6

Origin: Duodenum and Jejunum
Stimulus- Lipids and proteins
Action- Contraction of gallbladder, Produces pancreatic juice and slows gastric emptying

Question 7

What is the origin, stimulus and action of: Secretin

Answer 7

Origin- Duodenum and Jejunum
Stimulus- Acid chyme and Peptones
Action- Pancreatic fluid and Slows gastric emptying

Question 8

What are the 2 transport of nutrients process?

Answer 8

Passive and Active

Question 9

What is passive transport?

Answer 9

Transport through the plasma membrane without enery requirement

Question 10

What is active transport?

Answer 10

Through the plasma membrane which requires metabolic energy to power exchange of materials

Question 11

What is the function of the mouth In the digestive system?

Answer 11

Mixes food with saliva

Question 12

What is the function of Salivary glands In the digestive system?

Answer 12

Secrete saliva containing enzymes

Question 13

What is the function of the esophagus In the digestive system?

Answer 13

Passes food to the stomach

Question 14

What is the function of cardiac sphincter In the digestive system?

Answer 14

Passage from esophagus to stomach

Prevents back-flow from the stomach

Question 15

What is the function of the stomach In the digestive system?

Answer 15

Adds acid, enzymes and fluid

Mixes and grinds food to a liquid mass

Question 16

What is the function of the pancreas In the digestive system?

Answer 16

Makes enzymes to digest food and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

Question 17

What is the function of the pancreatic duct In the digestive system?

Answer 17

Conducts pancreatic juice into the small intestine

Question 18

What is the function of Pyloric sphincter In the digestive system?

Answer 18

Passge from stomach to small intestine

Prevents back-flow from small intestine

Question 19

What is the function of liver In the digestive system?

Answer 19

Makes bile

Question 20

What is the function of large intestine In the digestive system?

Answer 20

Reabsorbs water and minerals

Passes undigested waste to rectum

Question 21

What is the function of gallbladder In the digestive system?

Answer 21

Stores bile until needed

Question 22

What is the function of bile duct In the digestive system?

Answer 22

Conducts bile into small intestine

Question 23

What is the function of the rectum In the digestive system?

Answer 23

Stores waste until elimination

Question 24

What is the function of the ileocecal valve In the digestive system?

Answer 24

Passage from small to large intestine

Prevents back-flow from large intestine

Question 25

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 25

Substance moves from high to low concentration area until even

Question 26

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 26

Selective binding of molecule to carrier protein lipid insoluble molecules to a lipid soluble carrier molecule

Question 27

What is osmosis?

Answer 27

Moves water through selectively permeable membrane because of difference in water concentration on sides of membrane

Question 28

What is filtration?

Answer 28

Water + it solutes flow passively from high to low hydro-static presser area

Question 29

What are 4 hormones that regulate digestion?

Answer 29

Gastrin Secretin Cholecystokinin Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 30

Where is gastrins origin?

Answer 30

Dudodenum

Question 31

Where is GIP origin?

Answer 31

Duodenum and Jejunum

Question 32

Where is CCK origin?

Answer 32

Duodenum and jejunum

Question 33

Where is secretin orinin?

Answer 33

Duodenum and Jejunum

Question 34

What organ secretes saliva?

Answer 34

Salivary glands

Question 35

What organ secretes gastric juices?

Answer 35

Gastric glands from the stomach

Question 36

What 2 organs secrete bile?

Answer 36

Liver and Gallbladder

Question 37

What do the intestinal glands secrete?

Answer 37

Intestinal juice

Question 38

What are the components of the GI Tract?

Answer 38

Esophagus, Gallbladder, Liver, Stomach, Pancreas, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum and Anus

Question 39

What does the esophagus connect to the stomach?

Answer 39

The pharynx

Question 40

What is peristalsis?

Answer 40

Smooth muscle contractions

Question 41

What are sphincters?

Answer 41

Valves that respond to stimuli to increase pressure

Question 42

What chemical substance does the stomach mix with contents?

Answer 42

Chyme

Question 43

What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 43

Hydrochloric acids

Question 44

How long does the stomach take to empty?

Answer 44

1-4 hours

Question 45

Where does most digestion occur?

Answer 45

In the small intestine

Question 46

How does vitamin absorbtion occur?

Answer 46

By passive process of diffusion in the jejunum

Question 47

What are fat soluble vitamins absorbed with?

Answer 47

Dietary lipids

Question 48

How is most water absorbed into the large intestine?

Answer 48

Osmosis

Question 49

How much water does the intestinal tract absorbed?

Answer 49

9L