digestion & absorption of the food nutrients Flashcards
Where does the GI tract start and end
starts in the esophagus. ends in the anus
Once nutrients leave the GI tract. where do the travel through?
hepatic-portal vein then to the liver
What is peristalsis?
smooth muscle contractions that compress and squeeze the GI tract.
What is segmentation?
Mixing food in the stomach
What is the role of sphincters?
controls passage of food.
Where are the four sphincters located
esophageal pyloric lleocecal and anal
What are the two types of digestion?
mechanical-chewing
and chemical
How does chewing aid digestion
easier to swallow
digestive enzymes have more surface area
Salivary amylase is a digestive enzyme in the __?
mouth
What does salivary amylase do to starch
degrades starch to simpler disaccharides
When does CHO and Fat hydrolysis begin?
in the mouth
Lipase begins ____ digestion
lipids
Fats in the stomach move to the small intestine after ___ hours
7 hours
Proteins and Carbs in the stomach move to the small intestine after __ hours
1-4 hours
A mixture of food and digestive juices is ___
Chyme
What does parietal cell secrete
hydrochloric acid
What are the 3 layers of the stomach muscle
longitudinal layer
circular layer- peristalsis
oblique layer
The most absorption and digestion takes place where in the stomach?
Duodenum
What are the 3 sections in the Small Intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
90% of digestion occurs in the ___
small intestine
In the small intestine ___ allow absorption?
villi
what is absorbs in the stomach
alcohol
some water
aspirin
the ____ in the microvilli is where most absorption occurs
mucosa cells
Do microvilli have digestive enzymes?
Yes
Why is it important for the remaining food to go to the microvilli before it goes to the mucosa cell?
so it can be broken down by brush boarder enzymes
are blood vessels located in villi
yes
it takes __ day for food to be eliminated from the GI tract (Long intestine)
1-3
it takes ___ hours for chyme to move through the small intestine
3-10
Pancreatic amylase continue Carbohydrate hydration where
in the SI
The brush boarder enzymes breaks dow carbs to it ____ form
simplest form
What are the three brush boarder enzymes
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase
Where is Bile secreted and stored
by the gallbladder
Bile is produced in the __
liver
What are the two important factors for fat digestion
Bile and Pancreatic lipase
Bile increase the lipid droplet. what is inside the lipid droplet?
a TG that is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase into MG and FA.
Does bile return to the liver
yes
Why does micelles weigh down on bile?
to move it closer to cel surface
- Micelles release FA and MG to the
endoplasmic R
- Where is TG reformed
ER
- When FA rap TG in a protein what is this protein coated package called
Chylomicron
- Chylomicron enters the lypatic system into the ___
circulatory system
- In the blood the enzyme lipoprotein lipase breaks down ___
TG- is hydrolysised into MG FFA
- FFA moves to __ or ___
fat storage or muscle ( for kerbs cycle
Where will remaining FFA go
to liver to make HDL OR LDL
If you increase parasympathetic system you gastrin increases and ____ increases
peptin
AA join with ___ for active transport.
Na+
