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Exercise Science 301 > digestion & absorption of the food nutrients > Flashcards

digestion & absorption of the food nutrients Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does the GI tract start and end

A

starts in the esophagus. ends in the anus

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2
Q

Once nutrients leave the GI tract. where do the travel through?

A

hepatic-portal vein then to the liver

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3
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

smooth muscle contractions that compress and squeeze the GI tract.

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4
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Mixing food in the stomach

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5
Q

What is the role of sphincters?

A

controls passage of food.

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6
Q

Where are the four sphincters located

A

esophageal pyloric lleocecal and anal

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7
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

mechanical-chewing

and chemical

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8
Q

How does chewing aid digestion

A

easier to swallow

digestive enzymes have more surface area

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9
Q

Salivary amylase is a digestive enzyme in the __?

A

mouth

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10
Q

What does salivary amylase do to starch

A

degrades starch to simpler disaccharides

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11
Q

When does CHO and Fat hydrolysis begin?

A

in the mouth

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12
Q

Lipase begins ____ digestion

A

lipids

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13
Q

Fats in the stomach move to the small intestine after ___ hours

A

7 hours

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14
Q

Proteins and Carbs in the stomach move to the small intestine after __ hours

A

1-4 hours

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15
Q

A mixture of food and digestive juices is ___

A

Chyme

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16
Q

What does parietal cell secrete

A

hydrochloric acid

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17
Q

What are the 3 layers of the stomach muscle

A

longitudinal layer
circular layer- peristalsis
oblique layer

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18
Q

The most absorption and digestion takes place where in the stomach?

A

Duodenum

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19
Q

What are the 3 sections in the Small Intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

20
Q

90% of digestion occurs in the ___

A

small intestine

21
Q

In the small intestine ___ allow absorption?

A

villi

22
Q

what is absorbs in the stomach

A

alcohol
some water
aspirin

23
Q

the ____ in the microvilli is where most absorption occurs

A

mucosa cells

24
Q

Do microvilli have digestive enzymes?

A

Yes

25
Q

Why is it important for the remaining food to go to the microvilli before it goes to the mucosa cell?

A

so it can be broken down by brush boarder enzymes

26
Q

are blood vessels located in villi

A

yes

27
Q

it takes __ day for food to be eliminated from the GI tract (Long intestine)

A

1-3

28
Q

it takes ___ hours for chyme to move through the small intestine

A

3-10

29
Q

Pancreatic amylase continue Carbohydrate hydration where

A

in the SI

30
Q

The brush boarder enzymes breaks dow carbs to it ____ form

A

simplest form

31
Q

What are the three brush boarder enzymes

A

Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase

32
Q

Where is Bile secreted and stored

A

by the gallbladder

33
Q

Bile is produced in the __

A

liver

34
Q

What are the two important factors for fat digestion

A

Bile and Pancreatic lipase

35
Q

Bile increase the lipid droplet. what is inside the lipid droplet?

A

a TG that is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase into MG and FA.

36
Q

Does bile return to the liver

A

yes

37
Q

Why does micelles weigh down on bile?

A

to move it closer to cel surface

38
Q
  1. Micelles release FA and MG to the
A

endoplasmic R

39
Q
  1. Where is TG reformed
A

ER

40
Q
  1. When FA rap TG in a protein what is this protein coated package called
A

Chylomicron

41
Q
  1. Chylomicron enters the lypatic system into the ___
A

circulatory system

42
Q
  1. In the blood the enzyme lipoprotein lipase breaks down ___
A

TG- is hydrolysised into MG FFA

43
Q
  1. FFA moves to __ or ___
A 
fat storage
 or muscle ( for kerbs cycle
44
Q

Where will remaining FFA go

A

to liver to make HDL OR LDL

45
Q

If you increase parasympathetic system you gastrin increases and ____ increases

A

peptin

46
Q

AA join with ___ for active transport.

A

Na+

Exercise Science 301 (6 decks)

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