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hosa nutrition > digestion, absorption, and metabolism > Flashcards

digestion, absorption, and metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

the passage of nutrients into the blood or lymphatic system

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2
Q

adipose tissue

A

fat tissue

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3
Q

aerobic metabolism

A

combining nutrients with oxygen within the cell (oxidation)

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4
Q

basal metabolism rate (BMR)

A

the amount of calories (energy) your body requires to perform involuntary functions

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5
Q

bile

A

made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
bile helps digest fats

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6
Q

bolus

A

chewed up chunk of food (food in the mouth ready to be swallowed)

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7
Q

bomb calorimeter

A

machine that measures the amount of energy in food

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8
Q

calorie

A

the amount of energy in food (kcal)

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9
Q

capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels connecting veins and arteries

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10
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

muscle at the base of the esophagus

prevents acid reflux from going into the esophagus

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11
Q

catabolism

A

the breakdown of compounds during metabolism

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12
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that causes another substance to react

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13
Q

chemical digestion

A

chemical changing of food during digestion

caused by hydrolysis

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14
Q

cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

hormone that triggers the gallbladder to release stored bile

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15
Q

chyme (kime)

A

food mass mixed with juices

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16
Q

colon

A

large intestine
responsible for absolving excess water from digested food

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17
Q

digestion

A

the breakdown of food in the body to prepare it for absorption

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18
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

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19
Q

energy balance

A

eating the same amount of calories that your body needs

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20
Q

energy requirement

A

the number of calories your body needs in a 24h period

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21
Q

enzymes

A

protein causing chemical reaction

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22
Q

esophagus

A

10 inch tube leading from the mouth to the stomach

23
Q

feces

24
Q

fundus (of stomach)

A

upper part of the stomach

25
Q

gastic juices

A

digestive secretions of the stomach

made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and mucus
(++rennin and gastric lipase in kids)

26
Q

gastrin

A

hormone related by the stomach that stimulates secretion of gastric acid

27
Q

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

digestive system

28
Q

hormones

A

chemical messenger

29
Q

hydrolysis

A

the process of water being added to break down molecules

30
Q

ileum

A

last part of the small intestine

31
Q

jejunum

A

middle part of the small intestine

32
Q

kilocalorie (kcal)

A

same as calorie

33
Q

Krebs cycle

A

a series of enzymatic reactions that serve as the main source of cellular energy

34
Q

lactase

A

enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose

35
Q

lacteals

A

lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb fatty acids and glycerol

36
Q

lean body mass

A

amount of muscle in your body

37
Q

lymphatic system

A

transports fat soluble substances from the small intestine to the vascular system

38
Q

maltase

A

enzyme responsible for breaking down maltose

39
Q

mechanical digestion

A

part of digestion needed mechanical movements such as chewing, swallowing, and peristalsis

40
Q

metabolism

A

use of food by the body after digestion –> energy

41
Q

pancreas

A

gland that secrets enzymes

42
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

pancreatic enzyme found in the small intestine

breaks down starch into simple sugars

43
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme found in the small intestine

breaks down fats into fatty acids

44
Q

pancreatic proteases

A

enzymes secreted by pancreas to digest proteins

45
Q

pepsin

A

stomach enzyme that digests proteins

46
Q

peptidases

A

enzyme secreted by the pancreas in the small intestine to break down proteins

47
Q

pylorus

A

last part of the stomach

48
Q

resting energy expenditure (REE)

A

same a BMR

49
Q

saliva

A

solution secreted by salivary glands
contains salivary
amylase

50
Q

salivary amylase

A

enzyme found in salivas to start breaking down starch

51
Q

secretin

A

hormone that triggers the pancreas to make sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acidity of the chyme

52
Q

sucrase

A

enzyme secreted by the small intestine to break down sucrose

53
Q

villi

A

tiny hairlike structures in the small intestine that absorb fatty acids and glycerol

hosa nutrition (6 decks)

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