carbohydrates

Question 1

insoluble

Answer 1

does not dissolve in water

Question 2

soluble

Answer 2

dissolves in water

Question 3

what are monosaccharides

Answer 3

simple sugars made of oxygen carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

what are the 3 monosaccharides?

Answer 4

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 5

glucose

Answer 5

everything gets converted into glucose and used for energy

Question 6

what are disaccharides

Answer 6

pairs of monosaccharides, must be changed into simple sugars via hydrolsis

Question 7

what are the 3 disaccharides

Answer 7

sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 8

each gram of carbs is __ calories

Answer 8

4

Question 9

what are polysaccharides

Answer 9

complex carbs

Question 10

examples of polysaccharides

Answer 10

starch, glycogen, fibers

Question 11

starch

Answer 11

type of polysaccharide
found in grains/veggies
consists of 3 layers: bran, endosperm, germ

Question 12

refined vs whole grains

Answer 12

whole grains is all 3 layers of starch
(bran, endosperm and germ)
contains minerals, vit E and B, and provides energy over a long period of time

while refined is only the endosperm
quick digestion, leads to a blood sugar spike

Question 13

what is glycogen

Answer 13

storage form of glucose
stored in the liver and muscles

Question 14

what are fibers and why can we not digest them

Answer 14

dietary fibers are indigestible because enzymes can not break down cellulose (beta bonds holding them together)

Question 15

what does fiber do / what is the recommended intake

Answer 15

prevents constipation, hemorrhoids and diverticular disease
25-30g per day

Question 16

how are monosaccharides digested/absorbed

Answer 16

absorbed directly

Question 17

how are disaccharides digested/absorbed

Answer 17

1. converted into mono by enzymes
2. absorbed

Question 18

how are polysaccharides digested/absorbed

Answer 18

1. cellulose wall broken down
2. changed to dextrin
3. maltase
4. glucose