Digestion + absorption

Question 1

protein digestion

Answer 1

trypsin = proteins to polypeptides
chymotrypsin = proteins to polypeptides
carboxylopeptidase = peptides to amino acids

Question 2

fat digestion

Answer 2

lipase = fat to fatty acids and monoglycerides
cholesterol esterase = hydrolyses cholesterol esters
phospholipase = separate fatty acids and phospholipids

Question 3

carb digestion

Answer 3

amylase = glycogen to disaccarides AND hydrolyses starch

Question 4

Vitamin A

Answer 4

retina, eyesight

Question 5

vitamin D

Answer 5

calcium metabolism

Question 6

vitamin E

Answer 6

liver, protection from toxins

Question 7

vitamin K

Answer 7

activate clotting factors

Question 8

causes of malsigestion

Answer 8

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
enzyme deficiency
bile acid deficiency
loss of brush border enzymes

Question 9

causes of EPI

Answer 9

pancreatic acinar atrophy - selective destruction of acinar cells
chronic pancreas inflammation - pancreatitis

Question 10

clinical signs of EPI

Answer 10

weight loss
increased feacal vol
abnormal feaces
flatulence
coprophagia

Question 11

enterocytes function

Answer 11

absorptive cells in SI
absorb Na, glucose and amino acids across brush border

Question 12

crypt base SI function

Answer 12

stem cells on SI that allow Na to leak into intestinal lumen

Question 13

four basic mechanisms of diarrhea

Answer 13

altered epithelial cell transport
altered structure or permeability of mucosa
osmotic effects
altered motility

Question 14

two types of altered motility in SI

Answer 14

hypermotility - faster absorption
hypomotility - slow absorption = bacteria growth