Digestion

Question 1

how long is the alimentary canal?

Answer 1

30 ft long

Question 2

organs of the alimentary canal

Answer 2

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine

Question 3

2 sphincters

Answer 3

cardiac and pyloric

Question 4

4 tissues layers of the GI tract (stomach and small intestine)

Answer 4

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 5

which tissue layer of the GI tract is involved in peristalsis?

Answer 5

muscularis externa

Question 6

submucosal plexus

Answer 6

glandular secretion secretion of mucosa

Question 7

myenteric plexus

Answer 7

nerves/ ganglia; controls peristalsis

Question 8

components of saliva

Answer 8

salivary amylase, lingual lipase, mucus, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A

Question 9

salivary amylase

Answer 9

enzyme that begins starch digestion in mouth

Question 10

lingual lipase

Answer 10

enzyme that is activated by stomach acid and digests fat after the food is swallowed

Question 11

mucus (saliva)

Answer 11

binds and lubricates the mass of food and aids in swallowing

Question 12

lysozyme

Answer 12

enzyme that kills bacteria

Question 13

immunoglobulin A

Answer 13

an antibody inhibits bacterial growth

Question 14

where are the 3 salivary glands located?

Answer 14

paratoid: between skin anterior to earlobe
submandibular: mandible
sublingual: floor of mouth

Question 15

the ____ in the med ob and pons respond to the presence or thought of food

Answer 15

salivary nuclei

Question 16

the ____ stimulates the dig tract to produce an abundance of thin, enzyme-rich saliva

Answer 16

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 17

which nervous system inhibits dry mouth

Answer 17

sympathetic

Question 18

what type of cell makes up the esophagus?

Answer 18

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

stomach volume, no food

Answer 19

50 mL

Question 20

stomach volume, full

Answer 20

1-1.5 L

Question 21

how much chyme empties into the duodenum?

Answer 21

2-4 mL at a time

Question 22

4 regions of stomach

Answer 22

cardiac, fundus, body, pyloric region

Question 23

how many layers of smooth muscle in stomach?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

what type of cells cover mucosa?

Answer 24

simple columnar epithelium

Question 25

4 types of gastric glands

Answer 25

goblet (mucous) cells parietal: HCl, vitamin absorbtion chief cells: most numerous enteroendocrine: secretes hormones (gastrin)

Question 26

how much gastric juice is secreted each day?

Answer 26

2-3 mL/day

Question 27

the body's largest gland

Answer 27

liver

Question 28

where is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 28

between common bile duct and pancreatic duct before the empty into duodenum

Question 29

gallstone composition

Answer 29

concentrated bile (minerals, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, pigments, and bile acids)

Question 30

what occurs in the duodenum?

Answer 30

pancreatic juices released

Question 31

what is the function of bile?

Answer 31

emulsify fats

Question 32

where does nearly all bile get reabsorbed?

Answer 32

ileum (80%)

Question 33

the small intestine contains ____ that increase surface area

Answer 33

villi

Question 34

4 cells of small intestine and their functions

Answer 34

paneth: produce bacteriocides endocrine: secretes CCK and secretin enterocytes: absorbtion goblet

Question 35

the large intestine receives about ___ of indigestible residue, which is reduced to about ___ of feces absorbing water and salts

Answer 35

500 mL | 150 mL

Question 36

triglycerides get broken down into ___ and ___

Answer 36

fatty acids; monoglycerides

Question 37

internal anal sphincter

Answer 37

involuntary

Question 38

external anal sphincter

Answer 38

voluntary

Question 39

how many different species of bacterial flora is found in the large intestines?

Answer 39

600

Question 40

what does fecal matter consist of?

Answer 40

75% water, 25% solids (30% bacteria, 30% indigestible fiber, 10-20% fat, epithelial cells)