Digestion Flashcards
An example of monosaccharide is
Galactose, glucose, fructose
What food contains high concentration of starch?
Pasta, bread, rice, potatoe
An example of disaccharide is
Lactose, maltose or sucrose
What are the secretions into the mouth?
Amylase, mucin, water
What is mastication
The process if chewing
Why is chewing necessary for efficient enzyme digestion?
It adds water and increases the surface area of food
What is bolus?
The name for food in the esophagus
What is chyme?
The name for food in the stomach
What is bile?
A substance secreted into the digestion track and aids in increasing surface area of a lipid
An individual who experiences severe pain when eating fats could be suffering from a blockage of what structure?
The gallbladder
What would cause an ulcer?
Mucus entering the stomach being blocked by bacteria
What helps add bulk to indigested foods that pass through the large intestine?
Roughage
What is the macromolecule that forms the fibre “Roughage”?
Cellulose
What is peristalsis?
The rhythmic contractions that move through the entire digestive track
Where do the pancreas and gallbladder empty their contents into?
The duodenum
What are the structures that increase area in the small intestine and lungs?
Villi and alveoli
What is the active enzyme that can chemically digest proteins?
Pepsin
What is an inactive enzyme that must be activated by HCL respiration?
Pepsinogen
What is the difference between pepsin and pepsinogen?
Pepsin is active, pepsinogen is inactive and must be activated by HCL respiration
What is the esophageal sphincter
the ring like muscular structure that controls entry to the stomach
What is the pyloric sphincter?
It controls the exit of the stomachs contents into the small intestine
Where is the due denim located?
The first 25cm of the small intestine
Larger more complex assemblies of organic molecules are called?
Macromolecules
Macromolecules are often grouped into 4 main categories, what are they?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Give an example of a subunit of carbohydrates
Sugars (such as glucose and polymers of glucose)
Give examples of a subunit of lipids
Glycerol with 3 fatty acids
Glycerol with 2 fatty acids
Give an examples of a subunit of protein
Polymers of amino acid
Give an example of a subunit of Nucleic acid
Polymers of nucleotides
What are the main functions of lipids?
Energy storage and cell membranes
What are the main functions of Nucleic acids?
Transfer and expression of genetic information
What are the main functions of proteins?
Transport, blood clotting, support, immunity, catalysis, and muscle action
What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
Energy storage
Chemical digestion starts in the mouth with an enzyme called ________ begins to break down starch into simpler sugars
Amylase
What is the esophagus?
A muscular portion of the digestive track that directs food from the mouth to the stomach
What is peristalsis?
The wavelike series of muscular contractions and relocations that helps move bolus through the esophagus
What controls the entry to the stomach?
A ring like muscular structure called the esophageal sphincter
What is the production site and function of saliva?
Mouth
Contributes to starch digestion via salivary amylase, and lubricates the inside of the mouth to assist in swallowing
What is the production site and function of mucus?
- The mouth, stomach, small intestine & large intestine
- protects the cells lining of the digestive track, lubricates food as it travels through the digestive track
What is the production site and function of enzymes?
- The mouth, stomach, small intestine & large intestine
- promotes digestion if food masses into particles small enough for absorption into the blood stream
What is the production site and function of acid?
- stomach
- promotes digestion of protein
What is the production site and function of bile?
Liver (stored in gallbladder)
-suspends fat in water using bile salts, cholesterol, and lecithin to aid digestion of fats in small intestine
What is the production site and function of bicarbonate
Pancreas and small intestine
-neutralizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine
What is the production site and function of hormones?
Stomach, small intestine, and pancreas
-stimulate production and/or release of acid, enzymes, bile and bicarbonate; help to regulate peristalsis
What are the 3 main functions of the stomach?
Storage, digestion and pushing foods into the small intestine
What controls the exit of the stomach into the small intestine?
The pyloric sphincter
Gastric juice is made up of what 5 thing?
Water, mucus, salts, hydrochloride acids, enzymes
What is the purpose of gastric juices
They are responsible for chemical digestion in the stomach
Assembling macromolecules uses?
Dehydration sythesis
Disassembling macromolecules uses?
Hydrolysis
Carbohydrates are?
Macromolecules that always contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
A simple sugar is?
A carbohydrate molecule with three to seven carbon atoms
aka monosaccharide
A polysaccharide is?
A complex carbohydrate that consists of many linked simple sugars
What shape is the stomach?
J shaped
What are the 3 methods of protection against the stomach digesting the proteins that make up its own cells?
1 the stomach secretes little gastric juice until the food until the food is present
2 some stomach cells secrete mucus which prevents gastric juice from harming the stomach
3 it produces it’s own protein-digesting enzyme called pepsin, in a form that remains inactive until hydrochloride acid is present
Which intestine is longer?
The small intestine
Which intestine is thicker?
The large intestine
What is segmentation?
The process where chyme sloshes back and forth between segments of the small intestine that form when bands of circular muscle briefly contracts
What is the main function of the small intestine?
To complete the digestion of macromolecules and to absorb their component subunits
The first 25cm of the small intestine is the?
Duodenum
What shape is the duodenum?
U shaped
The pancreas delivers _____ amount of pancreatic fluid to the duodenum each day.
1 L
What is the largest internal organ in the human body?
The liver
After bile is produced in the liver it is sent to the?
Gallbladder
What is the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestine?
Inflammatory bowel disease
What is Crohn’s disease?
A serious inflammatory bowl disease that usually affects the ileum of the small intestine
