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Bio 20 > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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0
Q

An example of monosaccharide is

A

Galactose, glucose, fructose

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1
Q

What food contains high concentration of starch?

A

Pasta, bread, rice, potatoe

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2
Q

An example of disaccharide is

A

Lactose, maltose or sucrose

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3
Q

What are the secretions into the mouth?

A

Amylase, mucin, water

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4
Q

What is mastication

A

The process if chewing

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5
Q

Why is chewing necessary for efficient enzyme digestion?

A

It adds water and increases the surface area of food

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6
Q

What is bolus?

A

The name for food in the esophagus

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7
Q

What is chyme?

A

The name for food in the stomach

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8
Q

What is bile?

A

A substance secreted into the digestion track and aids in increasing surface area of a lipid

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9
Q

An individual who experiences severe pain when eating fats could be suffering from a blockage of what structure?

A

The gallbladder

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10
Q

What would cause an ulcer?

A

Mucus entering the stomach being blocked by bacteria

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11
Q

What helps add bulk to indigested foods that pass through the large intestine?

A

Roughage

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12
Q

What is the macromolecule that forms the fibre “Roughage”?

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The rhythmic contractions that move through the entire digestive track

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14
Q

Where do the pancreas and gallbladder empty their contents into?

A

The duodenum

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15
Q

What are the structures that increase area in the small intestine and lungs?

A

Villi and alveoli

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16
Q

What is the active enzyme that can chemically digest proteins?

A

Pepsin

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17
Q

What is an inactive enzyme that must be activated by HCL respiration?

A

Pepsinogen

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18
Q

What is the difference between pepsin and pepsinogen?

A

Pepsin is active, pepsinogen is inactive and must be activated by HCL respiration

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19
Q

What is the esophageal sphincter

A

the ring like muscular structure that controls entry to the stomach

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20
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

It controls the exit of the stomachs contents into the small intestine

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21
Q

Where is the due denim located?

A

The first 25cm of the small intestine

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22
Q

Larger more complex assemblies of organic molecules are called?

A

Macromolecules

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23
Q

Macromolecules are often grouped into 4 main categories, what are they?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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24
Q

Give an example of a subunit of carbohydrates

A

Sugars (such as glucose and polymers of glucose)

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25
Q

Give examples of a subunit of lipids

A

Glycerol with 3 fatty acids

Glycerol with 2 fatty acids

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26
Q

Give an examples of a subunit of protein

A

Polymers of amino acid

27
Q

Give an example of a subunit of Nucleic acid

A

Polymers of nucleotides

28
Q

What are the main functions of lipids?

A

Energy storage and cell membranes

29
Q

What are the main functions of Nucleic acids?

A

Transfer and expression of genetic information

30
Q

What are the main functions of proteins?

A

Transport, blood clotting, support, immunity, catalysis, and muscle action

31
Q

What are the main functions of carbohydrates?

A

Energy storage

32
Q

Chemical digestion starts in the mouth with an enzyme called ________ begins to break down starch into simpler sugars

A

Amylase

33
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

A muscular portion of the digestive track that directs food from the mouth to the stomach

34
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The wavelike series of muscular contractions and relocations that helps move bolus through the esophagus

35
Q

What controls the entry to the stomach?

A

A ring like muscular structure called the esophageal sphincter

36
Q

What is the production site and function of saliva?

A

Mouth

Contributes to starch digestion via salivary amylase, and lubricates the inside of the mouth to assist in swallowing

37
Q

What is the production site and function of mucus?

A
  • The mouth, stomach, small intestine & large intestine

- protects the cells lining of the digestive track, lubricates food as it travels through the digestive track

38
Q

What is the production site and function of enzymes?

A
  • The mouth, stomach, small intestine & large intestine

- promotes digestion if food masses into particles small enough for absorption into the blood stream

39
Q

What is the production site and function of acid?

A
  • stomach

- promotes digestion of protein

40
Q

What is the production site and function of bile?

A

Liver (stored in gallbladder)

-suspends fat in water using bile salts, cholesterol, and lecithin to aid digestion of fats in small intestine

41
Q

What is the production site and function of bicarbonate

A

Pancreas and small intestine

-neutralizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine

42
Q

What is the production site and function of hormones?

A

Stomach, small intestine, and pancreas

-stimulate production and/or release of acid, enzymes, bile and bicarbonate; help to regulate peristalsis

43
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the stomach?

A

Storage, digestion and pushing foods into the small intestine

44
Q

What controls the exit of the stomach into the small intestine?

A

The pyloric sphincter

45
Q

Gastric juice is made up of what 5 thing?

A

Water, mucus, salts, hydrochloride acids, enzymes

46
Q

What is the purpose of gastric juices

A

They are responsible for chemical digestion in the stomach

47
Q

Assembling macromolecules uses?

A

Dehydration sythesis

48
Q

Disassembling macromolecules uses?

A

Hydrolysis

49
Q

Carbohydrates are?

A

Macromolecules that always contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

50
Q

A simple sugar is?

A

A carbohydrate molecule with three to seven carbon atoms

aka monosaccharide

51
Q

A polysaccharide is?

A

A complex carbohydrate that consists of many linked simple sugars

52
Q

What shape is the stomach?

A

J shaped

53
Q

What are the 3 methods of protection against the stomach digesting the proteins that make up its own cells?

A

1 the stomach secretes little gastric juice until the food until the food is present
2 some stomach cells secrete mucus which prevents gastric juice from harming the stomach
3 it produces it’s own protein-digesting enzyme called pepsin, in a form that remains inactive until hydrochloride acid is present

54
Q

Which intestine is longer?

A

The small intestine

55
Q

Which intestine is thicker?

A

The large intestine

56
Q

What is segmentation?

A

The process where chyme sloshes back and forth between segments of the small intestine that form when bands of circular muscle briefly contracts

57
Q

What is the main function of the small intestine?

A

To complete the digestion of macromolecules and to absorb their component subunits

58
Q

The first 25cm of the small intestine is the?

A

Duodenum

59
Q

What shape is the duodenum?

A

U shaped

60
Q

The pancreas delivers _____ amount of pancreatic fluid to the duodenum each day.

A

1 L

61
Q

What is the largest internal organ in the human body?

A

The liver

62
Q

After bile is produced in the liver it is sent to the?

A

Gallbladder

63
Q

What is the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestine?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

64
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A

A serious inflammatory bowl disease that usually affects the ileum of the small intestine

Bio 20 (7 decks)

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