Digestion

Question 1

What is physical digestion?

Answer 1

chewing, stomach churning

Question 2

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 2

enzymes

Question 3

What is digestion?

Answer 3

large insoluble molecules broken down into small soluble molecules

Question 4

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 4

breaking down using water

Question 5

What are carbohyrases?

Answer 5

hydrolyse carbohydrates into monosacharrides

Question 6

What is lipases?

Answer 6

hydrolyse lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 7

What are proteases?

Answer 7

hydrolyse proteins into amino acids

Question 8

What are the carbohyrases?

Answer 8

amylase (salivary glands + pancreas): stach to maltose
maltase (epithelial cells ileum): maltose to glucose
sucrase (epithelial cells ileum): sucrose to glucose + fructose
lactase (epithelial cells ileum): lactose to glucose + galactose

Question 9

What do endopeptidases do?

Answer 9

hydrolyse internal peptide bonds in middle of protein turning proteins into smaller polypeptides

Question 10

What do expopetidases do?

Answer 10

hydrolyse external peptide bonds on end of protein, produce dipeptides

Question 11

What do dipeptidases do?

Answer 11

breaks dipeptide into two amino acids

Question 12

What are examples of endopeptidases?

Answer 12

pepsin (stomach cells in gastric lining): protein to smaller polypeptides
trypsin (pancreas): protein to smaller polypeptides

Question 13

What bond is hydrolysed in a triglyceride?

Answer 13

ester bond

Question 14

what is the role of bile?

Answer 14

bile salts produced in liver split fats/ oils into small droplets called micelles
droplets increase surface area
process known as emulsification
bile stays associated with fatty acids / monoglycerides

Question 15

What processes of digestion happen in the salivary glands?

Answer 15

chewing
amylase breaks starch -> maltose

Question 16

What processes of digestion happen in the oesophagus?

Answer 16

peristalsis

Question 17

What processes of digestion happen in the stomach?

Answer 17

pepsin breaks proteins -> polypeptides

Question 18

What processes of digestion happen in the liver?

Answer 18

bile made and stored in gall bladder

Question 19

What processes of digestion happen in the duodenium?

Answer 19

lipase breaks lipids -> fatty acids + glycerol

Question 20

What processes of digestion happen in the ileum?

Answer 20

maltase: maltose -> glucose
sucrase: sucrose -> glucose + fructose
lactase: lactose -> glucose + galactose

Question 21

What processes of digestion happen in the colon?

Answer 21

water reabsorption

Question 22

What processes of digestion happen in the rectum?

Answer 22

egestion