Digestion

Question 1

What is digestion

Answer 1

Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller, absorbable components so that nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by the body

Question 2

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 2

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

Question 3

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 3

Mechanical digestion involves the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, such as chewing in the mouth and churning in the stomach.

Question 4

What is chemical digestion

Answer 4

Chemical digestion involves breaking down food into simpler nutrients using enzymes and other digestive chemicals

Question 5

What are the main organs involved in the digestive system

Answer 5

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Question 6

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 6

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Question 7

What happens in the mouth during digestion

Answer 7

Mechanical digestion through chewing and chemical digestion through saliva containing amylase, which starts breaking down starches into sugars

Question 8

What is the role of the esophagus in digestion?

Answer 8

The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach via peristaltic movements

Question 9

What is the role of the stomach in digestion

Answer 9

The stomach uses mechanical digestion through churning and chemical digestion with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and pepsin to break down proteins

Question 10

What is chyme

Answer 10

Chyme is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices formed in the stomach.

Question 11

What happens in the small intestine during digestion

Answer 11

The small intestine is the primary site for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption, with the aid of enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver.

Question 12

What enzymes does the pancreas secrete

Answer 12

Amylase, lipase, and proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin)

Question 13

What is the role of bile in digestion

Answer 13

Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets, making it easier for lipase to further digest the fats.

Question 14

What happens in the large intestine during digestion

Answer 14

The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food residues and compacts them into feces

Question 15

What is the role of the rectum and anus in digestion

Answer 15

The rectum stores feces until they are expelled through the anus during defecation.

Question 16

How does the liver contribute to digestion

Answer 16

The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.

Question 17

What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion

Answer 17

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, releasing it into the small intestine when needed.

Question 18

What is the importance of pH in digestion

Answer 18

Different enzymes work optimally at different pH levels; for example, pepsin in the stomach works best in acidic conditions, while enzymes in the small intestine work best in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions.