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A and P Digestion > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

G I tract AKA

A

Alimentary canal
No accessory organs

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2
Q

Order of digestive organs top to bottom

A

Mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, diaphragm,stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anal canal

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3
Q

Accessory glands of the mouth

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands

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4
Q

Accessory gland of the pharynx

A

Tonsils

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5
Q

Accessory glands of the small intestines

A

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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6
Q

Accessory gland of the large intestine

A

Appendix

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7
Q

Small intestines consist of

A

Duodenum, jejunem , ileum

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8
Q

Make up of large intestines

A

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

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9
Q

What is digestion

A

Process that break complex nutrients into simpler ones ( breaks food into smaller pieces)

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10
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Breaks large chunks of food into smaller bits (teeth)

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11
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breaks large molecules into smaller ones this requires secretion of digestive enzymes

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12
Q

Churning of food in stomach

A

Mechanical digestion

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13
Q

When does absorption take place

A

After chemical breakdown of food

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14
Q

Where does absorption of food minerals and vitamins take place

A

Small intestines

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15
Q

When does reabsorption of water and vitamin K take place

A

Large intestines

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16
Q

Photo of digestive system

A
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17
Q

Hard palate location

A

Roof of mouth

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18
Q

What bones make up hard palate

A

Maxillary and Palatine

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19
Q

Soft palate is located

A

Behind hard palate. It separates mouth from oropharynx

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20
Q

Uvula is

A

Soft projection of soft palate as

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21
Q

Secretion

A

Digestion that occurs because of digestive juices, and hormones

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22
Q

Regulation

A

Regulates digestive activity coordinates neural hormonal, and all the mechanisms

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23
Q

Elimination

A

Excretion of residues of digestion from the rectum via the anus, a.k.a. defecation

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24
Q

Motility

A

Movement along the G.I. track movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube

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25
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like contraction in which material is propelled from point to point along the Gastro intestinal tract. These are rings of contractions.

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26
Q

Segmentation

A

A peristaltic movement of Contractions that assist in mixing and just material with digestive juices and help continue the mechanical breakdown of larger particles

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27
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Set of 20 baby teeth
6 to 30 months old

28
Q

Permanent teeth

A

Permanent teeth usually complete between 17 and 24 years old

29
Q

Pharynx

A

Connect esophagus to stomach has three components, nasopharynx oropharynx, which is most involved in swallowing and the laryngopharynx

30
Q

Swallowing

A

And involuntary movement controlled by the motor cortex in a cerebrum

31
Q

Salivary gland secretions to mouth

A

Via submandibular duct

32
Q

Stomach structure

A

Esophagus enters stomach in the area of Gastroesphageal opening. Where lower esophageal (LES) Sphincter AKA cardiac sphincter is located. Top of stomach is called fundus, followed by body of stomach. Lower end of stomach is called the pylorus. Before entering, the small intestine food must go through the pyloric sphincter the stomach expands after a large meal it is about the size of a large sausage, when empty

33
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in lining of stomach

34
Q

Backflow is prevented by

A

Sphincters and valves

35
Q

Three layers of the stomach wall

A

Longitudinal muscle, circular muscle and oblique muscle layers. All are smooth muscle.

36
Q

Walls of the small intestine

A

folds of the mucosa are called plica. Villi fingers) are located in these folds, they increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

37
Q

Liver

A

The liver is the largest gland it secretes bile which is stored in gallbladder

38
Q

CCK

A

Stands for cholecystokinin a hormone which triggers gallbladder to release bile

39
Q

Chyme

A

Food that is staring to be digested as it is traveling thru GI tract

40
Q

Gallbladder

A

Store’s bile
Located under liver
Releases bile into small intestine

41
Q

Bile

A

Breaks down lipids. CCK (hormone) triggers gallbladder to release bile into small intestine

42
Q

Pancreas

A

It is an exocrine gland, that lies behind the stomach pancreatic cells, secrete pancreatic juices, these digestive juices, break, everything down, broken down further and small intestines
Pancreas also plays a part in regulating blood sugar . the pancreas digestive juices contain enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates proteins and lipids. It also contains sodium bicarbonate which neutralizes the hydrochloric acid and the chyme that enters the intestines from the stomach.

43
Q

Hepatic duct

A

from liver

44
Q

Cystic duct

A

Bile enters and leaves gallbladder

45
Q

Common bile duct

A

Form by union of hepatic and cystic ducts Drains bile from hepatic or cystic ducts into the duodenum (large intestines)

46
Q

Large intestine

A

Contains smooth, muscle fibers contractions, produces churning, peristalsis, and defecation
Lining is made of mucous membrane. Vit K and water are absorbed here. Contents move from small intestine to large intestines by way of the ileocecal valve
Colon AKA large intestine starts at the right lower quadrant

47
Q

Appendix

A

Is a worm like tubular structure it is attached to the back of the cecum and it is the incubator for good intestinal. Bacteria. Ithas no important digestive functions in human.

48
Q

Enzymes

A

Our protein molecules that act as catalyst(cause a reaction) end with the letters ASE Amalase breakdown starches, maltase breakdown malt sugars, lactase digest lactose

49
Q

Protein digestion

A

Starting in stomach and is completed in small intestine Pepin/protease start to breakdown proteins.
Tripsin/protease continuous digestion of proteins
Peptides- intestinal enzyme complete digestion of proteins and converts them to amino acids, which are the building blocks of life

50
Q

The inside layer of the digestive track is

A

Mucosa

51
Q

Connective tissue layer that lies beneath the lining of the digestive tract

A

Submucosa

52
Q

Wall of pulp cavity

A

Surrounded by cementum

53
Q

Enzyme in saliva

A

Amylase

54
Q

Three divisions of the stomach are

A

Fondus. body. Pylorus

55
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Holds food in the stomach

56
Q

Length of esophagus

A

10 inches

57
Q

Lower left border of stomach

A

Greater curvature

58
Q

What type of gland is liver?

A

Exocrine gland

59
Q

Largest gland in the body

A

Liver

60
Q

Which substance does not contain enzymes?

A

Bio

61
Q

Most of the digestion of carbohydrates takes place in

A

Small intestine

62
Q

Fats are broken down into

A

Fatty acids

63
Q

Stomach sphincter that keeps food from re-entering the esophagus

A

Lower esophageal, sphincter, also known as cardiac sphincter

64
Q

Most of chemical digestion occurs

A

Duodenum

65
Q

ILiocecal valve

A

Where undigested and unsolved food into the large intestine

66
Q

Three. Intestinal enzymes.

A

Maltase. sucrase. lactase

A and P Digestion (3 decks)

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