Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions without it being used up itself

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2
Q

What is an active site?

A

A specially shaped area of an enzyme that matches the shape of the substrate it breaks down

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3
Q

What is induced fit?

A

The active site of an enzyme changes slightly as a substrate binds to it to create a tighter fit

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4
Q

What is the effect of temperature on enzyme reactions?

A

A higher temperature increases the rate of reaction until the heat changes the active site of an enzyme and denatures it

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5
Q

What is the effect of pH on enzymes

A

pH interferes with the bonds holding an enzyme together is it is too high or low
all enzymes have an optimum pH

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6
Q

How to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

A
  • amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch
  • place iodine solution into every well of a spotting tile
  • heat water over a Bunsen burner
  • add 1cm3 and 1cm3 of buffer solution to a boiling tube and place it in the water
  • wait five mins
  • add 5cm3 of starch solution to the boiling tube
  • mix and start a timer
    -every 30 seconds place a drop in each well of the spotting tile
  • when iodine remains brown orange not turns blue black then no starch is present
  • Repeat with different buffer solution pH values
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7
Q

How to calculate rate of reaction?

A

Rate = 1000/time

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8
Q

What does carbohydrase do?

A

Break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

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9
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

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10
Q

What do proteases do?

A

Convert protein into amino acids

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11
Q

Where is protein found?

A

the stomach (where it is known as pepsin), the pancreas, and the small intestine

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12
Q

What do lipases do?

A

Convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

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13
Q

Where is lipase found?

A

the pancreas, the small intestine

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14
Q

What does bile do?

A

Neutralise stomach acid
Emulsify fats into droplets

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15
Q

How to conduct a food test?

A
  • prepare food by breaking it down and adding to a beaker with distilled water
  • transfer to a test tube and add test
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16
Q

Features of a Benedict’s test?

A

Needs a water bath at 75 degrees Celsius

17
Q

What does a Benedict’s test test for?

A

Sugar

18
Q

What colour does a positive Benedict’s test turn?

A

Blue to green, yellow, or red, depending on how much sugar is present

19
Q

What does Iodine solution test for?

A

Starch

20
Q

What colour does a positive iodine test go?

A

Brwon orange to blue black

21
Q

What does Biuret test test for?

A

Protien

22
Q

What colour does a positive Biuret test go?

A

Blue to purple

23
Q

What does the Sudan III test test for?

A

Lipids

24
Q

What does a positive Sudan III test look like?

A

Separates into two layers, the top is bright red