What is a Eukaryotic cell?
Complex cells, including all animal and plant cells
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Small and simple cells, like bacteria
What subcellular structures are there in an animal cell?
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- mitochondria
- cell membrane
- ribosomes
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains genetic material
What is the function of the mitochondria
Where aerobic respiration takes place; creates energy for the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where most chemical reactions occur; contains enzymes
What is the function of the cell membrane?
holds the cell together and controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Where proteins are made in the cell
What is the function of the cell wall?
Supports and strengthens the cell
What are the plant cell specific sub cellular structures?
Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
What is the function of the vacuole?
Contains cell sap; an energy store
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs; contain chlorophyll
Describe the structure of a bacterial cell?
- a single strand of DNA
- rings of DNA called plasmids
- no chloroplasts or mitochondria
How does a light microscope work?
Using light and lenses
How does an electron microscope work?
Use electrons to form an image
Advantage of an electron microscope?
- higher magnification
- higher resolution
Disadvantage of an electron microscope?
- expensive
- difficult to use
Advantage of a light microscope?
- cheaper
- anyone can use
Disadvantages of a light microscope?
- Lower resolution
- lower magnification
What is the formula for magnification?
magnification = image size/real size
How to prepare a microscope slide? (4)
- add a drop of water to a clean slide
- take a thin layer of whatever you wish to observe
- add a drop of iodine solution to highlight objects
- place a cover slip over the specimen without trapping air bubbles
Parts of a light microscope
- eyepiece
- coarse adjustment knob
- high and low power objective lenses
- fine adjustment knob
- light
- stage
How to use a light microscope? (6)
- clip prepared slide onto stage
- select lowest powered objective lens
- use coarse adjustment knob to move stage up
- look down eyepiece while moving coarse adjustment
- adjust focus with fine adjustment knob
- swap to higher magnification lens and refocus
