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Biology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

A

Complex cells, including all animal and plant cells

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2
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

Small and simple cells, like bacteria

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3
Q

What subcellular structures are there in an animal cell?

A
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondria
  • cell membrane
  • ribosomes
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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic material

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5
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place; creates energy for the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Where most chemical reactions occur; contains enzymes

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

holds the cell together and controls what enters and leaves the cell

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8
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

Where proteins are made in the cell

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9
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports and strengthens the cell

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9
Q

What are the plant cell specific sub cellular structures?

A

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

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9
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap; an energy store

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9
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Where photosynthesis occurs; contain chlorophyll

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10
Q

Describe the structure of a bacterial cell?

A
  • a single strand of DNA
  • rings of DNA called plasmids
  • no chloroplasts or mitochondria
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11
Q

How does a light microscope work?

A

Using light and lenses

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12
Q

How does an electron microscope work?

A

Use electrons to form an image

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13
Q

Advantage of an electron microscope?

A
  • higher magnification
  • higher resolution
14
Q

Disadvantage of an electron microscope?

A
  • expensive
  • difficult to use
15
Q

Advantage of a light microscope?

A
  • cheaper
  • anyone can use
16
Q

Disadvantages of a light microscope?

A
  • Lower resolution
  • lower magnification
17
Q

What is the formula for magnification?

A

magnification = image size/real size

18
Q

How to prepare a microscope slide? (4)

A
  • add a drop of water to a clean slide
  • take a thin layer of whatever you wish to observe
  • add a drop of iodine solution to highlight objects
  • place a cover slip over the specimen without trapping air bubbles
19
Q

Parts of a light microscope

A
  • eyepiece
  • coarse adjustment knob
  • high and low power objective lenses
  • fine adjustment knob
  • light
  • stage
20
Q

How to use a light microscope? (6)

A
  • clip prepared slide onto stage
  • select lowest powered objective lens
  • use coarse adjustment knob to move stage up
  • look down eyepiece while moving coarse adjustment
  • adjust focus with fine adjustment knob
  • swap to higher magnification lens and refocus

Biology (5 decks)

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