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Biology. 3 > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

what does villi do?

A

maximise absorption of molecules

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2
Q

what does microvilli do?

A

increase surface area

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3
Q

what does the thin walls in villi do?

A

reduces diffusion distance

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4
Q

what does capillaries do?

A

offer good blood supply

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5
Q

what does lacteal do?

A

absorbs products of lipid digestion

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6
Q

what is the function of the mouth?

A
  • food broken down mechanically (chewing)
  • starch broken down
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7
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A
  • bacteria killed by acid
  • protease breaks down protein then passed into small intestine.
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8
Q

what is the function of the small intestine?

A

molecules are absorbed into the blood using villi

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9
Q

what is the function of the pancreas?

A

amylase, lipase, proteases are all produced

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10
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A

bile is produced that emulsifies lipids = broken down quicker to increased surface area

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11
Q

what is the function of the large intestine?

A

water is reabsorbed

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12
Q

what is the function of the rectum?

A

faeces (undigested material) stored here

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13
Q

what is the function of the anus?

A

expels faeces during egestion

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14
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

wavelike muscular contractions which move the food along the tract

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15
Q

what is the movement called in the GI tract?

A

peristalisis

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16
Q

what protects the wall of the GI tract against enzymes?

A

mucus which lubricates the passage of food

17
Q

what is pepsin?

A

a protease that breaks down protein into amino acids

18
Q

amylase breaks … into …

A

starch into maltose

19
Q

maltase breaks … into …

A

maltose into glucose

20
Q

proteases breaks … into …

A

proteins into amino acids

21
Q

lipase breaks … into …

A

lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

22
Q

what does a lack of fibre cause?

A

if too much water is absorbed, faeces will be dry and hard

23
Q

what can lead to diarrhoea?

A

if not enough water is absorbed through (e.g.,) food poisoning

24
Q

what is the function of the salivary gland?

A

amylase is produced here

Biology. 3 (9 decks)

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