Digestion Flashcards
why do we need to take in food (3 reasons)
fuel = chemical energy for production of
ATP
raw materials = carbon source for
synthesis of
macromolecules
essential nutrients = animals cannot make
minerals (N, P, K, Fe, Na, K, Ca)
What is a heterotrophs
organisms that need to take in food
How do animals get there food (4 types)
filter feeding
substrate feeding
fluid feeding
bulk feeding
THE FOUR STAGES OF PROCESSING FOOD
ingestion, digestion, Absorption, Egestion
The 4 Marco nutrients
Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, nucleic acid
Carbohydrates- locations of chemical digestion,
Mouth – salivary amylase -breaks down scratch into maltose
Small intestine:
pancreatic amylase – breaks down starch and glycogen into maltose
Proteins- location of chemical digestion,
Stomach
Pepsin – large protein into small polypeptides
Small intestine –
(From pancreas) trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase – smaller polypeptides
(From small glands in small intestinal wall)
aminopeptidase – simpler peptides
Tripeptidase – dipeptide and amino acid
Dipeptidase – amino acids
Lipids- location of chemical digestion,
Duodenum – pancreatic lipase – breaks down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty
acids
Bile breaks up the large fat goblets into smaller fat goblets
Nucleic acids- location of chemical digestion,
Nucleases are produced in pancreas – digestion takes place in small intestine
Ribonuclease - ribonucleotides
Deoxyribonuclease - deoxyribonucleotides
Name the 3 salivary glands
Parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland
What are the monomers of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides — maltose
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino acids
What are the monomers of lipids
Glycerol and 3 fat acids
What are the monomers of nucleic acid
Nucleotides
What do the salivary glands contain
Water and mucous:
lubricates the food
Sodium bicarbonate:
reduces the acidity of the
bolus
Salivary amylase:
enzyme that begins to
break down
carbohydrates
