Digested System Flashcards
abdominal
ab-dAH-muhn-
-al. pertaining to
Combiningform:abdomin/o. abdomen
Pertaining to the abdomen. The abdomen contains many vitalorgans: the stomach, the small intestine (jejunum and ileum),the large intestine (colon), the liver, the spleen, the gallbladder,the pancreas, the uterus, the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, thekidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and many blood vessels
gastrointestinal (GI)
gas-troh-in-tEs-tuhn-
al
pertaining to
Combing form:
gastr/o
stomach
Refers to the stomach and the intestines.
However, the gastrointestinal track refers to the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus.
stomatitis
stoh-muh-tIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
stomat/o
mouth
Inflammation of the mouth
glossitis
glah-sIE-tuhs
Suffix
-itis
inflammation
Combing form:
gloss/o
tongue
Inflammation of the tongue
gingivitis
jin-juh-vIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
gingiv/o
gum
Inflammation of the gums
cheilitis
-itis
inflammation
cheil/o. lip
Inflammation of the lip or lips
sialolithiasis
-iasis
abnormal condition
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
lith/o
stone
Salivary stones, also called sialolithiasis, are hardened mineral deposits that form in the salivary glands
celiac disease
sEE-lee-ak di-zEEz
-ic
pertaining to
celi/o
belly; abdomen
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
dyspepsia
dis-pEp-shuh
-ia
condition
dys-
difficult, abnormal
peps/o
digestion
Upset stomach
gastritis
ga-strIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
gastr/o
stomach
Inflammation of the stomach
gastroenteritis
gas-troh-en-tuhr-rIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
gastr/o
stomach
enter/o
intestine
Inflammation and irritation of the stomach and intestines.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
gAs-troi-sah-fuh-jEE-uhl
rEE-fluhks
di-zEEz
-al
pertaining to
gastr/o
stomach
esophag/o
esophagus
Burning feeling in the chest (heart burn) that comes from acid made from the return of stomach contents up the esophagus and into the mouth. (regurgitation
hernia
hUHR-nee-uh
-ia
condition
herni/o
hernia
When one of your organs pushes through the muscle or tissue that contains it. Often comes from heavy lifting.
hyperemesis
-sis
condition
hyper
above, beyond, excessive
emesis
vomiting
Excessive vomiting
peritonitis
pair-uh-tuh-nIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
peritone/o
peritoneum
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity
pyrosis
pie-rOH-suhs
-osis; usually abnormal
condition
pyr/o
fever; fire
Heartburn
ileus
(il-ee-uh s)
-us
structure things
ileum (the lower part of the small intestine)
When your intestine stops making wave-like movements that push broken-down food and waste to to the anus and stimulate a bowel movement. Untreated ileus can lead to severe complications such as bowel perforation, infection, and sepsis.
intussusception
(in-tuh-suh-SEP-shun
A condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine. This telescoping action can block food or fluid from passing through. Intussusception also cuts off the blood supply to the part of the intestine that’s affected.
volvulus
(vawl-yoo-luhs)
-us
structure things
volv/o
to roll
An obstruction (blockage) due to a knotting and twisting of part of the intestines
appendicitis
uh-pen-duh-sIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
append/o
appendix
An inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch that sticks out from the colon on the lower right side of the belly, also called the abdomen.
colitis
koh-lIE-tuhs
-itis inflammation
col/o
colon (large intestine)
Inflammation of the colon. It can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.
diverticulum
die-vuhr-tIk-yuh-luhm
-um
structure; tissue; thing
diverticul/o-
divertiulum
A single outpouching of the wall of the large intestine (colon) that forms a sac.
diverticula
die-vuhr-tIk-yuh-luh
diverticul/o-
divertiulum
Diverticula (plural)are multiple outpouching of the wall of the large intestine (colon) that forms a sac.
diverticulosis
die-vuhr-tik-yuh-lOH-suhs
-osis
condition
diverticul/o-
divertiulum
Diverticulosis is the condition of having diverticulum or diverticula. Most people who have diverticulosis do not have symptoms or problems
diverticulitis
die-vuhr-tik-yuh-lIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
diverticul/o-
divertiulum
When the diverticulum or diverticula become infected and inflamed. Infection can come from trapped feces.
enteritis
en-tuhr-rIE-tuhs
-itis inflammation
enter/o
intestine
Inflammation of the intestine
enteropathy
en-tuhr-rAH-puh-thee
-pathy
disease
enter/o
intestine
Any disease of the intestine.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
A common, chronic, noninflammatory condition characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation or both). There is no detectable pathologic change.
polyp
pAH-luhp
polyp/o
polyp; small growth
A small growth. A colorectal polyp refers to polyps in the colon and rectum. They are typically not dangerous but left untreated can become cancerous.
hemorrhoid
(hEm-roidz)
-oid
resembling
hem/o
blood
rrh/o
flow
Also called piles, are swollen varicose veins in the anus and lower rectum. Hemorrhoids can get irritated with the passing of feces.
proctitis
(prok-tahy-tis)
-itis
inflammation
proct/o
anus; rectum
Inflammation of the lining of the rectum. The rectum is a muscular tube that’s connected to the end of your colon. Stool passes through the rectum on its way out of the body.
rectocele
(ret-rOH-seel)
-cele
rect/o
rectum
Rectoceles involve a herniation of the rectum into the vaginal wall that results in a vaginal bulge.
cirrhosis
suhr-rOH-suhs
-osis
condition
A condition in which the liver is scarred and permanently damaged. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and prevents the liver from working normally. Scar tissue also partly blocks the flow of blood through the liver. As cirrhosis gets worse, the liver begins to fail
hepatitis
hep-uh-tIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
hepat/o
liver
Inflammation of the liver.
hepatomegaly
hep-uh-toh-mEg-uh-lee
-megaly
enlargement
hepat/o
liver
Enlargement of the liver.
hepatoma
hep-uh-tOH-muh
-oma
tumor; mass; fluid collection
hepat/o
liver
A tumor of the liver. The most common type of liver cancer. Hepatomas are almost always malignant.
cholangitis
Suffix:
-itis
inflammation
Combining Form:
angi/o
blood vessel
Combining Form:
chol/o
bile
inflammation of bile ducts
cholecystitis
(koh-luh-sis-tIE-tuhs)
-itis
inflammation
cyst/o
bladder; sac; sac of fluid
chol/e
bile
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
(koh-luh-li-thIE-uh-suhs)
-iasis
condition; formation of
chol/e
bile
lith/o
stone
the presence or formation of gallstones;
pancreatitis
pang-kree-uh-tIE-tuhs
-itis
inflammation
pancreat/o
pancreas
inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach and close to the first part of the small intestine. It secretes digestive juices into the small intestine through a tube called the pancreatic duct. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream. It happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself.
anorexia
an-uhr-rEk-see-uh
Suffix:
-ia
condition
Prefix:
an-
without; lacking
Lack of appetite
constipation
kahn-stuh-pAY-shuhn
Infrequent or difficult bowel movements
diarrhea
die-uhr-rEE-uh
Suffix:
-rrhea
flow; discharge
dia- across; through
Abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal discharges.
dysphagia
dis-fAY-juh
Suffix:
-ia
condition
Prefix:
dys-
difficult, abnormal
Combining form:
phag/o
eating; swallowing
Difficulty in swallowing
flatulence
flAch-uh-luhns
Presence of excessive amounts of air or gas in the stomach or intestine, leading to distention (bloating) of the organs.
hematochezia
Suffix:
-ia
condition
Combining form:
hemat/o
blood
Combining form:
chez/o
to defecate
Presence of blood in the feces.
obstipation
A severe form of constipation, where a person cannot pass stool or gas
polyphagia
pah-lee-fAY-juh
Suffix:
-ia
condition
Prefix:
poly-
many, excessive
Combining form:
phag/o
eating; swallowing
Excessive eating or hunger
abdominocentesis
ab-dAH-muhn-oh-sen-tEE-suhs
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
abdomin/o
abdomen
A medical procedure where a needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
cholangiography
kuh-lan-jee-AH-gruh-fee
-graphy
chol/e
bile
Combining form:
angi/o
blood vessel
Cholangiography means looking at the structure of the bile ducts and gallbladder using contrast materials.
colonoscopy
koh-luh-nAH-skuh-pee
-scopy
the process of examining
colon/o
colon
The insertion of a long, thin tube to examine the colon. The colon is the longest part of the large intestine. In addition to the colon, the large intestine include the rectum and anus.
endoscopy
(en-dAH-skuh-pee)
-scopy
the process of examining
endo-
within; inner
the insertion of a long, thin tube directly into the body to observe an internal organ — such as the gastrointestinal tract
endoscope
(En-duh-skohp)
-scope
endo-
within; inner
The tool used in an endoscopy. A long thin tube with a camera attached
nasogastric tube – NG tube
(nay-zoh-gAs-trik)
-ic
pertaining to
nas/o
nasal
gastr/o
stomach
A nasogastric tube (NG tube) is a type of medical catheter that’s inserted through your nose into your stomach. It’s used for limited periods to deliver substances such as food or medications to your stomach or to draw substances out.
upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)
-al
pertaining to
gastr/o
stomach
intestin/o
intestine
An upper GI series is a group of X-ray tests that look at your GI tract – your food pipe (the esophagus), stomach, and the first part of your small intestine (the duodenum) while they’re working. It’s sometimes called UGI for short.
appendectomy
ap-uhn-dEk-tuh-mee
Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
Combing form:
append/o
appendix
Surgical removal of the appendix
cholecystectomy
koh-luh-sis-tEk-tuh-mee
Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
combining form:
chol/e
bile; gall
combining form:
cyst/o
urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid
Surgical removal of the gall bladder
gastrectomy
gAs-trEk-tuh-mee
Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
combining form:
gastr/o
stomach
surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
gastroplasty
ga-str-OH-plas-tee
Suffix:
-plasty
surgically rebuild
combining form:
gastr/o
stomach
a surgical procedure performed on the stomach to decrease its size or repair a defect
gastrostomy
gAs-trAH-stuh-mee
Suffix:
-ostomy
surgical creation of a new opening
combining form:
gastr/o
stomach
The surgical creation of a whole in the stomach that allows for tube feeding.
herniorrhaphy
hUHR-nee-or-AH-fee
Suffix:
-tomy
to suture Surgical repair of a hernia
laparotomy
lap-uhr-rAH-tuh-mee
Suffix:
-tomy
to cut into
combining form:
lapar/o
abdominal wall; abdomen a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, for diagnosis or in preparation for surgery.
polypectomy
pAH-luhp-Ek-tuh-mee
Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
Combining form:
polyp/o
polyp; small growth
Surgical removal of polyps
antacid
ant-As-uhd
Prefix:
anti-
against Drugs that help to treat heartburn (indigestion). They work by neutralizing the stomach acid that causes heartburn
antibiotic
an-tie-bie-AH-tik
Suffix:
-al
pertaining to
Prefix:
anti-
against
Combining form
bi/o
life
Medicines that fight infections caused by bacteria
antiemetic
an-tie-i-mEt-ik
Suffix:
-ic
pertaining to
Prefix:
anti-
against
Drugs that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.
sublingual
suhb-lIng-gwuhl
Suffix:
-al
pertaining to
Prefix:
sub-
under
Combining form
ling/o
tongue
Under the tongue.
Sublingual medications are placed under the tongue until they dissolve
gastroenterologist
gas-troh-en-tuhr-rAH-luh-jist
-ist
specialist
gastr/o
stomach
log/o
study of
Combining form:
enter/o
within;inner
A physician with dedicated training management of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.
