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Medical Terminology > Digested System > Flashcards

Digested System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominal
ab-dAH-muhn-

A

-al. pertaining to
Combiningform:abdomin/o. abdomen

Pertaining to the abdomen. The abdomen contains many vitalorgans: the stomach, the small intestine (jejunum and ileum),the large intestine (colon), the liver, the spleen, the gallbladder,the pancreas, the uterus, the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, thekidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and many blood vessels

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2
Q

gastrointestinal (GI)
gas-troh-in-tEs-tuhn-

A

al
pertaining to
Combing form:
gastr/o
stomach
Refers to the stomach and the intestines.
However, the gastrointestinal track refers to the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus.

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3
Q

stomatitis
stoh-muh-tIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
stomat/o
mouth

Inflammation of the mouth

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4
Q

glossitis
glah-sIE-tuhs

A

Suffix
-itis
inflammation
Combing form:
gloss/o
tongue

Inflammation of the tongue

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5
Q

gingivitis
jin-juh-vIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
gingiv/o
gum

Inflammation of the gums

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6
Q

cheilitis

A

-itis
inflammation
cheil/o. lip

Inflammation of the lip or lips

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7
Q

sialolithiasis

A

-iasis
abnormal condition
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
lith/o
stone

Salivary stones, also called sialolithiasis, are hardened mineral deposits that form in the salivary glands

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8
Q

celiac disease
sEE-lee-ak di-zEEz

A

-ic
pertaining to
celi/o
belly; abdomen

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.

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9
Q

dyspepsia
dis-pEp-shuh

A

-ia
condition
dys-
difficult, abnormal

peps/o
digestion

Upset stomach

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10
Q

gastritis
ga-strIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
gastr/o
stomach

Inflammation of the stomach

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11
Q

gastroenteritis
gas-troh-en-tuhr-rIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
gastr/o
stomach

enter/o
intestine

Inflammation and irritation of the stomach and intestines.

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12
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
gAs-troi-sah-fuh-jEE-uhl
rEE-fluhks
di-zEEz

A

-al
pertaining to
gastr/o
stomach

esophag/o
esophagus

Burning feeling in the chest (heart burn) that comes from acid made from the return of stomach contents up the esophagus and into the mouth. (regurgitation

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13
Q

hernia
hUHR-nee-uh

A

-ia
condition
herni/o
hernia

When one of your organs pushes through the muscle or tissue that contains it. Often comes from heavy lifting.

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14
Q

hyperemesis

A

-sis
condition
hyper
above, beyond, excessive

emesis
vomiting

Excessive vomiting

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15
Q

peritonitis
pair-uh-tuh-nIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
peritone/o
peritoneum

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity

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16
Q

pyrosis
pie-rOH-suhs

A

-osis; usually abnormal
condition
pyr/o
fever; fire

Heartburn

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17
Q

ileus
(il-ee-uh s)

A

-us
structure things
ileum (the lower part of the small intestine)

When your intestine stops making wave-like movements that push broken-down food and waste to to the anus and stimulate a bowel movement. Untreated ileus can lead to severe complications such as bowel perforation, infection, and sepsis.

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18
Q

intussusception
(in-tuh-suh-SEP-shun

A

A condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine. This telescoping action can block food or fluid from passing through. Intussusception also cuts off the blood supply to the part of the intestine that’s affected.

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19
Q

volvulus
(vawl-yoo-luhs)

A

-us
structure things
volv/o
to roll

An obstruction (blockage) due to a knotting and twisting of part of the intestines

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20
Q

appendicitis
uh-pen-duh-sIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
append/o
appendix

An inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch that sticks out from the colon on the lower right side of the belly, also called the abdomen.

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21
Q

colitis
koh-lIE-tuhs

A

-itis inflammation
col/o
colon (large intestine)

Inflammation of the colon. It can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.

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22
Q

diverticulum
die-vuhr-tIk-yuh-luhm

A

-um
structure; tissue; thing
diverticul/o-
divertiulum

A single outpouching of the wall of the large intestine (colon) that forms a sac.

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23
Q

diverticula
die-vuhr-tIk-yuh-luh

A

diverticul/o-
divertiulum

Diverticula (plural)are multiple outpouching of the wall of the large intestine (colon) that forms a sac.

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24
Q

diverticulosis
die-vuhr-tik-yuh-lOH-suhs

A

-osis
condition
diverticul/o-
divertiulum

Diverticulosis is the condition of having diverticulum or diverticula. Most people who have diverticulosis do not have symptoms or problems

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25
Q

diverticulitis
die-vuhr-tik-yuh-lIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
diverticul/o-
divertiulum

When the diverticulum or diverticula become infected and inflamed. Infection can come from trapped feces.

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26
Q

enteritis
en-tuhr-rIE-tuhs

A

-itis inflammation
enter/o
intestine

Inflammation of the intestine

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27
Q

enteropathy
en-tuhr-rAH-puh-thee

A

-pathy
disease
enter/o
intestine

Any disease of the intestine.

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28
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

A common, chronic, noninflammatory condition characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation or both). There is no detectable pathologic change.

29
Q

polyp
pAH-luhp

A

polyp/o
polyp; small growth

A small growth. A colorectal polyp refers to polyps in the colon and rectum. They are typically not dangerous but left untreated can become cancerous.

30
Q

hemorrhoid
(hEm-roidz)

A

-oid
resembling
hem/o
blood

rrh/o
flow

Also called piles, are swollen varicose veins in the anus and lower rectum. Hemorrhoids can get irritated with the passing of feces.

31
Q

proctitis
(prok-tahy-tis)

A

-itis
inflammation
proct/o
anus; rectum

Inflammation of the lining of the rectum. The rectum is a muscular tube that’s connected to the end of your colon. Stool passes through the rectum on its way out of the body.

32
Q

rectocele
(ret-rOH-seel)

A

-cele
rect/o
rectum

Rectoceles involve a herniation of the rectum into the vaginal wall that results in a vaginal bulge.

33
Q

cirrhosis
suhr-rOH-suhs

A

-osis
condition

A condition in which the liver is scarred and permanently damaged. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and prevents the liver from working normally. Scar tissue also partly blocks the flow of blood through the liver. As cirrhosis gets worse, the liver begins to fail

34
Q

hepatitis
hep-uh-tIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
hepat/o
liver

Inflammation of the liver.

35
Q

hepatomegaly
hep-uh-toh-mEg-uh-lee

A

-megaly
enlargement
hepat/o
liver

Enlargement of the liver.

36
Q

hepatoma
hep-uh-tOH-muh

A

-oma
tumor; mass; fluid collection
hepat/o
liver

A tumor of the liver. The most common type of liver cancer. Hepatomas are almost always malignant.

37
Q

cholangitis

A

Suffix:
-itis
inflammation
Combining Form:
angi/o
blood vessel

Combining Form:
chol/o
bile

inflammation of bile ducts

38
Q

cholecystitis
(koh-luh-sis-tIE-tuhs)

A

-itis
inflammation
cyst/o
bladder; sac; sac of fluid

chol/e
bile

inflammation of the gallbladder

39
Q

cholelithiasis
(koh-luh-li-thIE-uh-suhs)

A

-iasis
condition; formation of
chol/e
bile

lith/o
stone

the presence or formation of gallstones;

40
Q

pancreatitis
pang-kree-uh-tIE-tuhs

A

-itis
inflammation
pancreat/o
pancreas

inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach and close to the first part of the small intestine. It secretes digestive juices into the small intestine through a tube called the pancreatic duct. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream. It happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself.

41
Q

anorexia
an-uhr-rEk-see-uh

A

Suffix:
-ia
condition
Prefix:
an-
without; lacking

Lack of appetite

42
Q

constipation
kahn-stuh-pAY-shuhn

A

Infrequent or difficult bowel movements

43
Q

diarrhea
die-uhr-rEE-uh

A

Suffix:
-rrhea
flow; discharge
dia- across; through

Abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal discharges.

44
Q

dysphagia
dis-fAY-juh

A

Suffix:
-ia
condition
Prefix:
dys-
difficult, abnormal

Combining form:
phag/o
eating; swallowing

Difficulty in swallowing

45
Q

flatulence
flAch-uh-luhns

A

Presence of excessive amounts of air or gas in the stomach or intestine, leading to distention (bloating) of the organs.

46
Q

hematochezia

A

Suffix:
-ia
condition
Combining form:
hemat/o
blood

Combining form:
chez/o
to defecate

Presence of blood in the feces.

47
Q

obstipation

A

A severe form of constipation, where a person cannot pass stool or gas

48
Q

polyphagia
pah-lee-fAY-juh

A

Suffix:
-ia
condition
Prefix:
poly-
many, excessive

Combining form:
phag/o
eating; swallowing

Excessive eating or hunger

49
Q

abdominocentesis
ab-dAH-muhn-oh-sen-tEE-suhs

A

-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
abdomin/o
abdomen

A medical procedure where a needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

50
Q

cholangiography
kuh-lan-jee-AH-gruh-fee

A

-graphy
chol/e
bile

Combining form:
angi/o
blood vessel

Cholangiography means looking at the structure of the bile ducts and gallbladder using contrast materials.

51
Q

colonoscopy
koh-luh-nAH-skuh-pee

A

-scopy
the process of examining
colon/o
colon

The insertion of a long, thin tube to examine the colon. The colon is the longest part of the large intestine. In addition to the colon, the large intestine include the rectum and anus.

52
Q

endoscopy
(en-dAH-skuh-pee)

A

-scopy
the process of examining
endo-
within; inner

the insertion of a long, thin tube directly into the body to observe an internal organ — such as the gastrointestinal tract

53
Q

endoscope
(En-duh-skohp)

A

-scope
endo-
within; inner

The tool used in an endoscopy. A long thin tube with a camera attached

54
Q

nasogastric tube – NG tube
(nay-zoh-gAs-trik)

A

-ic
pertaining to
nas/o
nasal

gastr/o
stomach

A nasogastric tube (NG tube) is a type of medical catheter that’s inserted through your nose into your stomach. It’s used for limited periods to deliver substances such as food or medications to your stomach or to draw substances out.

55
Q

upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)

A

-al
pertaining to
gastr/o
stomach

intestin/o
intestine

An upper GI series is a group of X-ray tests that look at your GI tract – your food pipe (the esophagus), stomach, and the first part of your small intestine (the duodenum) while they’re working. It’s sometimes called UGI for short.

56
Q

appendectomy
ap-uhn-dEk-tuh-mee

A

Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
Combing form:
append/o
appendix

Surgical removal of the appendix

57
Q

cholecystectomy
koh-luh-sis-tEk-tuh-mee

A

Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
combining form:
chol/e
bile; gall

combining form:
cyst/o
urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid

Surgical removal of the gall bladder

58
Q

gastrectomy
gAs-trEk-tuh-mee

A

Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
combining form:
gastr/o
stomach

surgical removal of all or part of the stomach

59
Q

gastroplasty
ga-str-OH-plas-tee

A

Suffix:
-plasty
surgically rebuild
combining form:
gastr/o
stomach

a surgical procedure performed on the stomach to decrease its size or repair a defect

60
Q

gastrostomy
gAs-trAH-stuh-mee

A

Suffix:
-ostomy
surgical creation of a new opening
combining form:
gastr/o
stomach

The surgical creation of a whole in the stomach that allows for tube feeding.

61
Q

herniorrhaphy
hUHR-nee-or-AH-fee

A

Suffix:
-tomy
to suture Surgical repair of a hernia

62
Q

laparotomy
lap-uhr-rAH-tuh-mee

A

Suffix:
-tomy
to cut into
combining form:
lapar/o
abdominal wall; abdomen a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, for diagnosis or in preparation for surgery.

63
Q

polypectomy
pAH-luhp-Ek-tuh-mee

A

Suffix:
-ectomy
cut out; surgical removal
Combining form:
polyp/o
polyp; small growth

Surgical removal of polyps

64
Q

antacid
ant-As-uhd

A

Prefix:
anti-
against Drugs that help to treat heartburn (indigestion). They work by neutralizing the stomach acid that causes heartburn

65
Q

antibiotic
an-tie-bie-AH-tik

A

Suffix:
-al
pertaining to
Prefix:
anti-
against

Combining form
bi/o
life

Medicines that fight infections caused by bacteria

66
Q

antiemetic
an-tie-i-mEt-ik

A

Suffix:
-ic
pertaining to
Prefix:
anti-
against

Drugs that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.

67
Q

sublingual
suhb-lIng-gwuhl

A

Suffix:
-al
pertaining to
Prefix:
sub-
under

Combining form
ling/o
tongue

Under the tongue.
Sublingual medications are placed under the tongue until they dissolve

68
Q

gastroenterologist
gas-troh-en-tuhr-rAH-luh-jist

A

-ist
specialist
gastr/o
stomach

log/o
study of

Combining form:
enter/o
within;inner

A physician with dedicated training management of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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