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Cardiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-ar

A

Pertaining to

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2
Q

Cardio/o

A

It’s the combining form that means heart

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3
Q

Vascul/o

A

Is the combining form that means blood vessel

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4
Q

Cardiac

A

Pertaining to the heart

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5
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Is pertaining to the heart And Blood vessels

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6
Q

Myocardium

A

It’s the mascular layer of the heart

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7
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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8
Q

-um

A

Period of time; Structure

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9
Q

endo-

A

Innermost; within

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer that lines the atria, ventricles, and heart valves.

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11
Q

Peri-

A

Around

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12
Q

Pericardium

A

The outer most layer of the heart

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13
Q

Thoracic

A

Pertaining to the chest

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14
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest; thorax

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15
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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16
Q

Cardiothoracic

A

The word cardiothoracic reflects the close relationship between the heart and the thoracic cavity

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17
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

Blockage of blood flow from the heart. An ACS is associated with a tight squeezing pain in the chest that comes from the lack of
Blood flow

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18
Q

Ischemia

A

Blockage of blood flow

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19
Q

Isch/o

A

Block; keep back

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20
Q

-emia

A

Condition of the blood; substance in the blood

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21
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain that is crushing, squeezing. Pain can extend up into the jaw, Teeth, neck or down to left arm. often with extreme sweating.

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22
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Mile to severe chest pain

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23
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

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24
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart.

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25
Q

-megaly

A

Enlargement

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26
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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27
Q

-pathy

A

Disease

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28
Q

Ideopathic

A

Pertaining to a disease where the cause is unknown

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29
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining too

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30
Q

Path/o

A

Disease

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31
Q

Idi/o

A

Individual; unknown

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32
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Condition where the heart does not pump significant amount of blood.

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33
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Over developed or enlarged

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34
Q

-trophy

A

Process of development

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35
Q

-hyper

A

Above; more than normal

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36
Q

Peripheral edema

A

Swelling in the hands and feet or distal parts of the extremities

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37
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

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38
Q

Peripher/o

A

Outer aspects

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39
Q

Edema

A

Swelling

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40
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Blockage of blood flow to the heart that leads to the death of heart muscle tissue. can have a small amount of tissue death or a large amount. also known as a heart attack.

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41
Q

Necrosis

A

Condition of Dead tissue

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42
Q

Necr/o

A

Dead body; Dead cells; dead tissue

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43
Q

-osis

A

Condition; Process

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44
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation and bacteria infection of the endocardium lining a heart valve.

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45
Q

Endo-

A

Inner most; Within

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46
Q

-itis

A

infection of; Inflammation of

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47
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

Structural abnormalities in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly. This can be a congenital condition or can occur if the valve is damaged by infection.

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48
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

There are 4 defects: a ventricular septal defect, narrowing of the pulmonary trunk, hypertrophy of the right ventricular, and abnormal position of the aorta

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49
Q

Tetr/a

A

Four

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50
Q

-logy

A

Study of

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51
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound created by turbulence as blood leaks through a defective heart valve

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52
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation or infection of the pericardial sac with an excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid

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53
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Autoimmune response to noncardiac streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. The body make antibiotics to fight the bacteria but the antibodies attack connective tissue in the body, Particularly introduced in or the heart. The joint becomes swollen with fluid and inflamed

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54
Q

Rheumat/o

A

Watery discharge

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55
Q

Stenosis

A

The valves become scarred and narrowed it, a condition know as stenosis

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56
Q

Sten/o

A

Constriction; narrowness

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57
Q

-osis

A

Condition; process

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58
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Any type of irregularity and rate or rather not the heart

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59
Q

rrhythm/o

A

Rhythm

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60
Q

-ia

A

Condition; state; thing

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61
Q

a-

A

Away from; without

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62
Q

Dysrrhythmias

A

Any type of irregular in the rate or rhythm of the heart

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63
Q

bradycardia

A

Slow heartbeat

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64
Q

brady-

A

Slow

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65
Q

Fibrillation

A

A type of arrhythmia in which there is a very fast uncorrelated quivering of the myocardium

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66
Q

Fibrill/o

A

Is muscle fiber; nerve fiber

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67
Q

-tion

A

being; having; process

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68
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heartbeat

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69
Q

-ia

A

Condition; state; thing

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70
Q

tachy-

A

Fast

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71
Q

Asystole

A

Complete absence of a heartbeat.

72
Q

-systole

A

Contraction

73
Q

a-

A

Away from; without

74
Q

Palpitation

A

An uncomfortable sensation felt in the chest during a premature contraction of the heart.

75
Q

Palpit/o

A

Throb: to pulsate

76
Q

Aneurysm

A

Area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery.

77
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Narrowed; hardened artery.

78
Q

arteri/o

A

Artery

79
Q

scler/o

A

Hard; sclera: white part of the eye

80
Q

atheroma

A

Patches of atheroma are like small fatty lumps that develop within the inside lining of blood vessels

81
Q

ather/o

A

Soft; fatty substance

82
Q

-oma

A

Mass; tumor

83
Q

atherosclerosis

A

As plaque grows on an artery wall, it makes the lumen narrower and narrower

84
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries. They are filled it with atheromatous plaque, and their narrowed lumens cannot carry enough oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

85
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Elevated levels of lipia (fats) in the blood.

86
Q

Lipid/o

A

Fat; fat in the blood

87
Q

-emia

A

Condition of

88
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

An elevated level of cholesterol in the blood

89
Q

triglycerid/o

A

Triglycerides: is an Ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acid

90
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

An elevated level of triglycerides in the blood

91
Q

Hypertension

A

Elevated Blood Pressure.

92
Q

tens/o

A

Pressure; tension

93
Q

Hypotension

A

Low Blood Pressure (lower than 90/60 mm Hg)

94
Q

Orthostotic

A

Hypotension, also known as postural Hypotension, occur when a person’s Blood Pressure falls. When suddenly standing up from lying or sitting position.

95
Q

orth/o

A

Straight

96
Q

stat/o

A

Standing still; Staying and one place

97
Q

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

A

Any disease of the arteries of the extremities

98
Q

peripher/o

A

Outer aspects

99
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

100
Q

phleb/o

A

Vein

101
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

With the formation of a thrombus (blood clot)

102
Q

thromb/o

A

Blood clot

103
Q

Cardiac enzymes

A

Test to measure the level of enzyme that are released into the blood when myocardial cells die during a myocardial infarction

104
Q

Lipid profile

A

Test the provides a comprehensive picture of the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.

105
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Procedure performed to study anatomy and pressures in the heart.

106
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Procedure that records the electrical activity of the heart.

107
Q

Electr/o

A

Electricity

108
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording.

109
Q

temetry

A

Procedure to monitor a patient’s heart rate and rhythm in the hospital.

110
Q

tele/o

A

Distance

111
Q

-metry

A

Process of

112
Q

Angiography

A

Procedure in which radiopaque contrast dye is injected into blood vessel to fill and outline it.

113
Q

angi/o

A

Blood vessel; lymphatic vessel

114
Q

Artiography

A

When die is injected into an artery to show blockage, narrowed areas, or aneurysm

115
Q

Angiogram

A

General turn for X-ray image of blood vessels.

116
Q

-gram

A

Picture; record

117
Q

Vinogram

A

X-ray of veins.

118
Q

Echocardiography

A

Procedure that uses a transducer to produce ultra high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that are bounced Off the heart to create an image.

119
Q

ech/o

A

Echo of A sound wave

120
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Image the flow of blood in the Artery or vain.

121
Q

Son/o

A

Sound

122
Q

Auscultation

A

Procedure that use a stethoscope to listen to the heart sounds

123
Q

auscult/o

A

Listening

124
Q

-ation

A

being; having; process.

125
Q

Stethoscope

A

An instrument for transmitting sounds made within the patient’s body to the examiner ears

126
Q

steth/o

A

Chest

127
Q

-scope

A

Instrument used to exam.

128
Q

Cardioversion

A

Procedure to treat an arrhythmia That cannot be controlled with antiarrhythmic drugs. 2 large hand-held paddle are placed on either side of the patient’s chest. The machine Generate an electrical shock coordinated with the QRS complex of the patient’s heart to restore the heart to a normal rhythm.

129
Q

-ion

A

Action; condition

130
Q

Defibrillator

A

Machine that shocks to heart.

131
Q

De-

A

Reversal of; without

132
Q

Fibrill/o

A

Muscle fiber; nerve fiber

133
Q

-ator

A

Person who does; person who produces; thing that does; thing that produces.

134
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Procedure in which sclerosing drug is injecting into a varicose vein. The drug causes irritation and inflammation that later becomes fibrosis that occludes the vein. The blood flow is redirected to anothe, deeper vein, and the varicose vein is no longer distended.

135
Q
  • Therapy
A

Treatment

136
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

The Sphygmomanometer consists of a thin inflatable cuff that wraps around the arm. measures blood pressure

137
Q

sphygm/o

A

Pulse

138
Q

man/o

A

Frenzy; thin

139
Q

Systolic

A

The top number in a blood pressure reading, which represents the force of the contraction of the ventricles

140
Q

Systol/o

A

Contracting

141
Q

Carotid endarterectomy

A

Procedure to remove plaque from an occluded carotid artery.

142
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal

143
Q

Anastomosis

A

Procedure to bypass an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the myocardium

144
Q

anastom/o

A

Create an opening between two structures

145
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

Procedure to reconstruct a coronary artery that is narrowed because of atherosclerosis

146
Q

Percutaneous

A

Per-through; throughout

147
Q

Cutane/o

A

Skin

148
Q

-ous

A

Pertaining to transluminal

149
Q

Lumin/o

A

Lumen; opening

150
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to angioplasty.

151
Q

angi/o

A

Blood vessel; lymphatic vessel

152
Q

-plasty

A

Process of reshaping by surgery.

153
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, especially a coronary artery.

154
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Surgery to remove the fluid from the heart

155
Q

Ablation

A

Procedure to destroy ectopic areas in the heart that are emitting electrical impulses in producing arrhythmia. The surgical removal of body tissue.

156
Q

ablat/o

A

Destroy; take away

157
Q

Occlusion

A

The blockage or closing of a blood vessel or hollow oregon

158
Q

Occlus/o

A

Close against

159
Q

Prosthetic

A

Artificial part

160
Q

Prosthet/o

A

Artificial part

161
Q

Xenograft

A

If the replacement heart valves come from in animal, it is now as xenograft. A tissue graft Or oregon transplanted from a donor of a different species from the recipient

162
Q

xen/o

A

Foreign

163
Q

-graft

A

Tissue for implant; Tissue for transplant

164
Q

Valvoplasty

A

Procedure to reconstruct a heart valve to correct stenosis or prolapse.

165
Q

Angiotensin

A

Vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure

166
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Treat arrhythmias

167
Q

rrhythm/o

A

Rhythm

168
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Prevent a blood clot from forming

169
Q

-ant

A

Pertaining to

170
Q

coagul/o

A

Clotting

171
Q

Antihypertensive

A

Treat hypertension

172
Q

Digitalis

A

Treat congested heart failure. Digital tallest drugs decrease the heart rate and strengthen the heart’s contractions

173
Q

Diuretic drugs

A

Block sodium from being absorbed from the tubule back jnto blood. As the sodium is excreted in the urine, It brings water and potassium with it because of osmatic pressure. Sometimes called water pills

174
Q

Nitrate

A

Treat angina pectoris. Nitrate drugs dilate the vein to decrease the amount of work that the heart must do and dilate the arteries. The auto is to decrease the blood pressure.

175
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Break down blood clots

176
Q

Thromb/o

A

Blood clot

177
Q

lyt/o

A

Break down; destroy

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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