Difinitions

Question 0

Animals with a specific bacterial pathogens
present in “fewer” animals within a population are called _______

These bacteria are still usually present in a
commensal relationship (though some may be
causing subclinical disease)

Answer 0

Carriers (carrier state)

Question 1

abnormal condition affecting an animal which may be caused by external factors such as microorganisms.

micro-organisms can come from exogenous or endogenous
sources.

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

Infection that arise from bacteria that live on skin, mucous membranes etc. as commensals

disease occurs when impaired host defences allow these
bacteria to invade (opportunistic infections)

Answer 2

Endogenous

Question 3

Infection that arise from environmental bacteria

Answer 3

Exogenous

Question 4

those commensals or saprophytes capable of causing disease are called _________

Answer 4

Pathogens

Question 5

the capacity of a bacteria to produce disease in a host is _________

Answer 5

Pathogenicity

Question 6

variation in the capacity of pathogenicity

Answer 6

Virulence

Question 7

those bacteria that are capable of causing disease in

healthy animals with normal defense mechanisms e.g.,Bacillus anthracis

Answer 7

Obligate (true) pathogens

Question 8

those bacteria that are normal flora or saprophytes, but
can cause disease when host defences are compromised
or when they gain access to sites or tissues where they arenot part of the normal flora or sites that are normally
sterile e.g., Staphylococcus aureus,

Answer 8

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 9

capacity of the organism to become established in the
tissues of the host

involves the ability to penetrate the tissues, survive the
host’s defences, and multiply/disseminate within the host

Answer 9

Infectivity