Diffusion & Osmosis

Question 1

Passive Transport

Answer 1

no energy needed; high to low (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis)

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

ATP energy needed; low to high (primary/secondary active transport, endo/exocytosis)

Question 3

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 3

carrier proteins move particles into cells

Question 4

Ion Channels

Answer 4

Na+ can cross into the cell

Question 5

Osmolarity

Answer 5

how much solute is in a solution

Question 6

Tonicity

Answer 6

is relative; compares solutions, usually refers to extracellular

Question 7

Hypotonic

Answer 7

H2O enters the cell

Question 8

Hypertonic

Answer 8

H2O exits the cells

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

equal concentration on both sides of the membrane

Question 10

Can freely diffuse

Answer 10

Small molecules
Gasses
H2O
ehanol
NON-POLAR molecules
Most sterols/steroids
other hydrophobic drugs

Question 11

Cannot freely diffuse

Answer 11

Large molecules
Highly polar compounds
Ions

Question 12

Sodium Potassium Pump (active transport)

Answer 12

3 Na+ OUT, 2 K+ IN; phosphate binds to pump, uses ATP

Naturally more sodium outside the cell

Question 13

Secondary Active Transport (some energy, no ATP)

Answer 13

Sodium-Calcium Exchanger (NCX)= 3 Na+ IN, 1 or 2 Ca2+ OUT
Sodium-dependent Glucose-Linked Transporter (SGLT)=Sodium high→low energy, drives low→high calcium movement (seesaw/turnstyle)

Question 14

Countertransport (carrier mediated)

Answer 14

antiport; one substances moves in while another moves out →←

Question 15

Cotransport (carrier mediated)

Answer 15

symport; two substances move in the same direction at the same time
→→

Question 16

Phagocytosis

Answer 16

cell “eats”

Question 17

Pinocytosis

Answer 17

cell “drinks”

Question 18

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 18

bringing something specific into the cell

Question 19

Plasma Membrane

Answer 19

has selective permeability