Chemistry & Biology

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons

Question 2

Mass number

Answer 2

protons + neutrons

Question 3

Isotopes

Answer 3

same element, different amount of neutrons

Question 4

Ions

Answer 4

positive or negative charge (protons do not equal neutrons)

Question 5

Ionic bonds

Answer 5

between cations (+) and anions (-)

Question 6

Covalent bonds

Answer 6

strong bonds that share electrons

Question 7

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 7

unequal sharing, connects slightly negative O to slightly positive H

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 8

weak partial negative and positive attraction, connects water molecules

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

two or more bonded atoms

Question 10

Element

Answer 10

one type of atom

Question 11

Compound

Answer 11

molecule with more than one type of element

Question 12

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Answer 12

water loving, water fearing

Question 13

Catabolism, anabolism

Answer 13

decomposition reaction, synthesis reaction

Question 14

Enzymes

Answer 14

catalysts, are mostly proteins (“-ase”)

Question 15

Catalysts

Answer 15

lower activation energy

Question 16

Carbohydrates

Answer 16

contain C, H, O; glucose, fructose, galactose (glucose+fructose=sucrose)

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

fats, oils, waxes; have long complex hydrocarbon backbones

Question 18

Proteins

Answer 18

contain C H N O; long chains of amino acids (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure)

Question 19

Nucleic acids

Answer 19

long chains of nucleotides; CGAT, CGAU

Question 20

Phospholipids

Answer 20

two fatty acid chains, phosphorus containing group, glycerol backbone

Question 21

Glycoproteins

Answer 21

carbohydrates+large proteins; enzymes, antibodies, hormones, mucins

Question 22

Proteoglycans

Answer 22

polypeptides+long polysaccharides; promote viscosity

Question 23

Polymers

Answer 23

chain of molecules with a repeating structure

Question 24

Monosaccharide

Answer 24

simple sugars; basic units of carbohydrates

Question 25

Disaccharide

Answer 25

two monosaccharides linked

Question 26

Polysaccharide

Answer 26

many monosaccharides linked; starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 27

Peptide bonds

Answer 27

link amino acids

Question 28

Glycolipids

Answer 28

carbohydrate chain+lipids; found in cell membranes

Question 29

Solutes/Solvent

Answer 29

what’s being dissolved, what it is dissolved in (usually water)

Question 30

pH

Answer 30

measures H+ (proton=acidic) concentration; 0-14

pH= -log10[H+]

Question 31

Acid/Base

Answer 31

dissolves and dissociates into H+, removes H+ from a solution

Question 32

Metabolism

Answer 32

the sum of all chemical reactions (bonds form/break) in your body

Question 33

Functional groups

Answer 33

bond to carbon skeletons, determine properties

Question 34

Alcohols

Answer 34

methanol, ethanol, isopropanol

Question 35

Steroids

Answer 35

-Important component of cell membranes
-Signaling molecule
-Four carbon rings with OH group attached to one

Question 36

Amino Acid structure

Answer 36

amino group, carboxyl group, R (side group)