Diffusion and Osmosis Flashcards
Passive transport
moves ions and molecules with the concentration gradient, from higher concentration to the side with a lower concentration
Active transport
moves ions or molecules against the concentration gradient; from lower to higher concentration – uses energy directly or indirectly from ATP
Types of passive transport
Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration, Dialysis
Osmosis
Diffusion of free water across membrane
Moves from low concentration of salts(high water) to high concentration of salts (low water)
when two dyes move in an agar plate, which one moves faster and why
dye with the smaller molecular weight will move faster because it experiences less resistance and friction
if dialysis bags are incubated in isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, which bags gain or lose weight
Isotonic- no chance
hypotonic- gains weight
hypertonic - lose weight
Isotonic Solution
Same solute and water concentration
Hypotonic Solution
low solute, higher water, rbc will swell and burse (hemolysis)
Hypertonic Solution
high solute, lower water, rbc will shrink and become wrinkles (crenation)
How do you test the presence of Starch, Sugar, Chloride in a solution?
Startch- iodine test, blue/black
Sugar Test- Benedict’s Test, color indicate sugar
Chloride Test (Silver Nitrate Test)- cloudy indicate chloride
Precipitate
solid that forms and separates out from a solution during a chemical reaction. insoluble, cloudy/powdery/crytalline
Filtrate
clear liquid that passes through a filter after separating out any solids
Simple Diffusion
Movement of small, non-polar molecules directly across the membrane.
Moves down the concentration gradient (high → low).
No transport proteins are involved.
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of larger or charged molecules through transport proteins.
Uses carrier proteins or channel proteins to help molecules cross the membrane.
Still moves down the concentration gradient (high → low).
Vesicular Transport
type of active transport that moves large molecules, particles, or fluids across the cell membrane using vesicles. includes endo and exocytosis
Endocytosis
- bringing something into cell
2.Phagocytosis (“Cell Eating”)
3.Pinocytosis (“Cell Drinking”) - Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
The cell selectively absorbs specific molecules using receptor proteins on the membrane.
Exocytosis
- release something from cell
