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[PBR] Pulmo Imaging > Diffuse Lung disease > Flashcards

Diffuse Lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are clinically present in interstitial lung disease

A

restrictive lung disease and hypoxemia on pulmonary function tests

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2
Q

Scaffolding of the lung, providing support for the airways, gas-exchanging units and vascular structures

A

Pulmonary interstititum

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3
Q

The central interstitial compartment extending from the mediastinum peripherally and enveloping the bronchovascular bundles is termed the

A

Axial interstitium

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4
Q

Axial interstitium is contiguous with the interstitium surrounding the small centrilobular arterieand bronchiole within the secondary pulmonary lobule, where it is called

A

Centrilobular intersititium

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5
Q

The most peripheral component of the interstitium is the

A

Subpleural or peripheral interstitium

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6
Q

Invaginations of the subpleural interstitium into the lung parenchyma from the borders of the secondary pulmonary lobules and represent the

A

Interlobular septa

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7
Q

fine network of connective tissue fibers that support the alveolar spaces

A

intralobular, parenchymal or alveolar interstitium

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8
Q

defined as that subsegment of lung supplied by three to five terminal bronchioles and separated from adjacent secondary lobules by intervening connective tissue (interlobular septa)

A

secondary pulmonary lobule

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9
Q

each terminal bronchiole subdivide into

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

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10
Q

unit of lung subtended from a single terminal bronchiole is called a

A

pulmonary acinus

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11
Q

located in the center of secondary lobule

A

centrilobular artery, preterminal bronchiole

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12
Q

present at the margins of lobules within the interlobular septa, found within the contiguous subpleural interstitium

A

lymphatic and connective tissue

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13
Q

secondary pulmonary lobule is typically of what shape

A

polyhedral

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14
Q

normally 0.1 mm thick and can be seen in lung periphery, particularly along the superior and inferior pleural surfaces

A

interlobular septa

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15
Q

are V- or Y- shaped structures on thin-section CT seen within 5 to 10 mm of pleural surface

A

centrilobular arteries

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16
Q

normal airways are visible only to within ___cm of the pleura

A

3cm

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17
Q

has a diameter of 1mm and a wall thickness of 0.15 mm, not normally visible on thin-section CT

A

centrilobular brochiole

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18
Q

occassionally seen as linear or dot-like structures within 1-2 cm of the pleura and when visible, may indicate the locations of interlobular septa

A

pulmonary veins

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19
Q

normally not visible on thin section CT (3)

A

peribronchovascular, centrilobular, and intralobular interstitial compartments

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20
Q

interlobular lines on thin-section CT are equivalent of _____ lines seen in the inferolateral portions of the lungs on frontal radiographs

A

Kerley B

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21
Q

within the central regions of the lung, long (2-6 cm) linear opacities representing obliquely oriented connective tissue septa are the equivalent of ______ lines

A

Kerley A

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22
Q

thickened intralobular lines are usually from

A

fibrosis, UIP, IPF

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23
Q

seen within the central portion of pulmonary lobule radiating outward the thickened lobular borders to produce a “spoke-and-wheel” or “spider web” appearance

A

intralobular septa

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24
Q

nodular fissural thickening are usually seen in

A

sarcoidosis and lympangitic carcinomatosis

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25
Q

can either result in smooth or irregular peribronchovascular thickening

A

lymphangitic carcinomatosis

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26
Q

centrilobular abnormalities are usually seen in (3)

A

subacute hypersensitive pneumonitis,
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,
respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease

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27
Q

Probably represent an early phase of lung fibrosis. 5-10cm long curvilinear opacities found within 1cm of the pleura and parallel chest wall

A

Subpleural lines

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28
Q

Small 6-10mm cystic spaces with 1-3mm walls, most often present in the posterior subpleural regions of the lower lobes, and result from end stage pulmonary fibrosis from a variety of etiologies

A

Honeycomb cysts

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29
Q

Nontapering linear opacities 2-5 cm in length, that extend from the lung to contact pleural surface

A

Parenchymal bands

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30
Q

Common manifestation of late stages of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Slightly larger in diameter and have thinner walls than honeycomb cyst

A

Thin-walled cysts

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31
Q

Area of increased attenuation within which the normal parenchymal structures are visible

A

Ground glass opacity

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32
Q

1-3 mm sharply marginated round opacities seen on thin section CT which represent conglomerates of granulomas or tumor cells within the interstitium

A

Micronodules

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33
Q

Most often produced by thickening of the alveolar septa, with or without the lining of alveolar spaces, by inflammatory exudate or fluid

A

Ground glass opacities

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34
Q

Presence of these opacities is important because it often implies an active inflammatory process of edema that is reversivle and warrants aggressive treatment

A

Ground glass opacities

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35
Q

Ground glass abnormality associated with a predominant pattern of honeycombing indicates

A

Microscopic pulmonary fibrosis

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36
Q

Finding commonly associated with architectural distortion is

A

Traction bronchiectasis

  • fibrosis causes traction on the walls of bronchi, resulting in irregular dilatation.
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37
Q

Refers to increased lung density that obscures underlying blood vessels; air bronchograms are commonly present

A

Consolidation

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38
Q

Results from diffuse inflammatory processes that primarily affect the axial and parenchymal interstitium of the lung

A

Chronic interstitial disease

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39
Q

Chronic interstitial pulmonary edema are commonly seen in patients with

A

Long standing mitral stenosis, or LV failure

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40
Q

Redistribution of blood flow to the upper lobes is a manifestation of

A

Pulmonary venous hypertension

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41
Q

Redistribution of blood flow to the upper lobes, prominence of fissures caused by subpleural edema and fibrosis are concomitant findings in pulmonary venous hypertension. Presence of honeycombing is not a feature of chronic PVH, however if present in a patient with cardiac disease, another cause of pulmonary fibrosis such as ____ may be considered

A

Amiodarone lung toxicity

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42
Q

Pulmonary involvement in RA is more common in what gender

A

Male

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43
Q

True or false: pleuropulmonary manifestations of RA typically follow the onser of joint disease and tend to be seen in patients with high serum RA factor titers and eosinophilia

A

True

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44
Q

Most common radiographic manifestation of RA lung involvement

A

Interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis

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45
Q

Most common thoracic manifestation of rheumatoid disease and is found in 20% of patients

A

Pleuritis

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46
Q

Pleural effusions in RA are transudative or exudative

A

Exudative, with low glucose concentration

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47
Q

May develop from diffuse interstitial fibrosis secondary to rheumatoid disease

A

Enlargement of central pulmonary arteries and right heart dilatation
pulmonary arterial hypertension

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48
Q

Chest wall abnormalities that may be seen with RA (4)

A
  • Tapered erosion of distal clavicles,
  • rotator cuff atrophy with high-riding humeral head,
  • bilateral symmetric glenohumeral joint space narrowing, with or without superimposed degenerative joint disease and
  • superior rib notching or erosion
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49
Q

Thorax is commonly affected and may be the initial site of involvement in SLE. The thoracic disease is often limited to the

A

Pleura and pericardium

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50
Q

In SLE, pleura and pericardium exhibits _____ which produces painful exudative pleural and pericardial effusions

A

Fibrinous serositis

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51
Q

Results in diffuse pleural thickening and is present in the majority of patients with long standing SLE

A

Pleural fibrosis

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52
Q

Pleural effusions in SLE typically improves after what tx

A

Corticosteroid therapy

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53
Q

Characterized by rapid onset of fever, dyspnea and hypoxemia, which may require ventilation in patients with SLE

A

Acute lupus pneumonitis

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54
Q

Produces inflammation and fibrosis of the skin, esophagus, msk, heart, lungs and kidneys in young and middle-aged women

A

Scleroderma

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55
Q

True or false: in scleroderma, lungs are involved pathologically in nearly 90% of patients, altho only 25% have respiratory symptoms or radiographic evidence of pulmonary involvement

A

True

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56
Q

Can be seen in up to 50% of patients with scleroderma and may be seen in the absence of interstitial fibrosis

A

Pulmonary arterial hypertension with enlarged central pulmonary arteries

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57
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with scleroderma results from

A

Thickening and obliteration of small muscular pulmonary arteries and arterioles

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58
Q

True or false, pleural effusions are significantly less common in scleroderma than in rheumatoid disease or SLE

A

True

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59
Q

Common lung ca that may be present with scleroderma

A

Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

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60
Q

Involve autoimmune inflammation and destruction of skeletal muscle, producing proximal muscle pain and weakness and occassionally associated with a skin radh

A

Dermatomyositis and polymyositis

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61
Q

Lung ca that is mostly seen in patietns with dermatomyositis or polymyositis

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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62
Q

Autoimmune disorder of middle-aged women is characterized by sicca syndrome which results from lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal, salivary and mucous glands, respectively

A

Sjogren syndrome

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63
Q

Components of sicca syndrome

A

Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), dry mouth (xerostamia), dry nose (xerorhinia)

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64
Q

Patients with Sjogren syndrome are at increased risk for developing

A

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis and non-hodgkin pulmonary lymphoma

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65
Q

Possible Lung findings in ankylosing spondylitis

A

Upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis, bullae and cavities which are prone to mycetoma formation with aspergillus

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66
Q

Most common form of IIP

A

Usual IP

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67
Q

Distinguishing histologic feature of UIP

A

Different stages of the disease are seen simultaneously within different portions of the lung (temporal heterogeneity)

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68
Q

Pulmonary function tests in UIP presents as

A

Restrictive disease, and a decreased diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide

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69
Q

Age of onset and gender predilection of UIP

A

5th to 7th decades and male predominance

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70
Q

Distribution of UIP

A

Basal predominant, subpleural predominant

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71
Q

Most common histologic type of lung cancer in IPF

A

Adenocarcinoma

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72
Q

Many cases of NSIP are seen associated with (2)

A

Collagen vascular disease or as drug reactions

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73
Q

Distribution of ground glass opacities and consolidation in NSIP

A

Peripheral and lower zone distribution

  • cellular NSIP show areas of ground glass and consolidation on thin-section CT in a peripheral and lower zone distribution

Bronchial dilatation and linear opacities are more typical of the fibrotic form of NSIP

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74
Q

Honeycombing is seen frequently in UIP or NSIP?

A

UIP

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75
Q

Distribution of ggo, small centrilobular nodules in respiratory bronchiolitis associated interstitial pneumonia

A

Upper lobe

76
Q

Usual concomitant finding in respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease

A

Emphysema

77
Q

Interstitial pneumonia characterized by accumulation of macrophages within alveolar spaces

A

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia

macrophage eat desquamuous cells.

78
Q

IP usually seen in smokers

A

DIP

RB-ILD

79
Q

Typical radiographic findings in DIP

A

Basilar reticular opacities with normal or minimally diminished lung volumes, mostly often within the peripheral aspects of the bases

80
Q

Characterized by the widespread deposition of granulation tissue (fibroblasts,collagen and capillaries) within peribronchiolar airspaces and bronchioles

A

Organizing pneumonia or COP

81
Q

Viral infections such as influenza, adenovirus and measles, toxic fume inhalation ( sulfur dioxide, chlorine); collagen vascular disease (RA and SLE); organ transplantation, drug reactions and chronic aspiration shows what type of pneumonia

A

OP or COP

82
Q

2 Characteristic histologic changes in COP

A

Absence of parenchymal distortion and fibrosis

83
Q

Also known as Hamman-Rich syndrome, which is an acute, aggressive form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis. Presents with a brief history of cough, fever, and dyspnea that progresses rapidly to severe hypoxemia and respiratory failure requiring mech vent

A

Acute interstitial pneumonia

84
Q

Rare, potentially fatal disease characterized by elastic tissue-rich fibrosis involving the pleura and adjacent lung parenchyma

A

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis

85
Q

Most severely involved lobe in pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis

A

Upper lobes

86
Q

4 Thoracic manifestations of NF1

A

Kyphoscoliosis,
scalloping of posterior aspect of vertebral bodies caused by dural ectasia,
ribbon rib and
rib notching

87
Q

Mediastinal masses in patients with NF1 include (3)

A
  • Neurofibromas,
  • lateral thoracic meningoceles,
  • extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas

(NLEx)

88
Q

Classic triad of tuberous sclerosis

A

Seizures, mental retardation and adenoma sebaceum

89
Q

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is an uncommon condition that is seen exclusively in

A

Women

90
Q

Rare condition that typically affectd woman of childbearing age who presents with progressive dyspnea or a spontaneous pneumothorax. Hemoptysis may also be seen in some patients, presumambly related to pulmonary venous obstruction by smooth muscle proliferation

A

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

91
Q

Drug that may slow the progression of LAM

A

Antiprogesterone agents such as tamoxifen

92
Q

Type of alveolar septal amyloidosis in which there is no associated chronic disease or in which there is an underlying plasma cell disorder

A

Primary

93
Q

Type of alveolar septal amyloidosis where there is an underlying chronic abnormality such as TB

A

Secondary

94
Q

Type of amyloidosis that is usually localized to nervous tissue

A

Familial

95
Q

Three major patterns of amyloid deposition within the lungs and airways

A

Tracheobronchial,
nodular parenchymal,
diffuse parenchymal (alveolar septal)

96
Q

Amyloid is deposited in the parenchymal interstitium and within the media of small blood vessels

A

Alveolar septal amyloidosis

97
Q

True or false. There is no effective treatment in alveolar septal amyloidosis

A

True

98
Q

Lung biopsy findings in amyloidosia

A

Amorphous eosinophilic material thickening the alveolar septa that appears apple green in color when stained with congo redo

99
Q

Used to describe the nonneoplastic reaction of the lungs to inhaled inorganic dust particles

A

Pneumoconiosis

100
Q

2 types of pathologic reaction in pneumoconiosis

A

Fibrosis and aggregation of particle-laden macrophages

101
Q

What type of asbestos have a greater fibrogenic and carcinoenic potential

A

Amphiboles

102
Q

Most common disease associated with asbestosis

A

Pleural disease, as parietal pleural plaques

103
Q

3 Pulmonary parenchymal manifestations of asbestosis

A

Rounded atelectasis,
interstitial fibrosis, and
bronchogenic carcinoma

104
Q

True or false, development of asbestosis depends on both the length and severity of exposure, and clinical manifestations are usually not apparent for 20 to 40 years following initial exposure

A

True

105
Q

Most common ct finding in asbestos-exposed individuals

A

Interlobular septal thickening

106
Q

2 histopathologic reaction to silicosis

A

Silicotic nodules and silicoproteinosis

107
Q

Silicotic nodules measures ___ and are made up of dense concentric lamellae of collagen

A

1-10 mm

108
Q

SILIconic nodules are typically most numerous in what regions (2)

A

Upper lobes and parahilar regions

Silicotic = Sili-Sili = Kili-Kili = upper lobes

109
Q

Exposure of how many years before radiographic changes of fibrotic silicosis develops

A

10-20 years

110
Q

Hilar nodes in silicosis often demonstrate

A

Eggshell calcification

111
Q

Patients with acute silicoproteinosis have an increased susceptibility to (2)

A

TB and nocardia

112
Q

2 characteristic pathologic finding in CWP

A

Coal dust macule and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF)

113
Q

Round or stellate nodules ranging in size from 1-5mm seen in cwp

A

Coal dust macule

114
Q

Defined as nodular or mass-like lesions exceeding 2-3 cm in diameter that are composed of irregular fibrosis and pigment seen in cwp

A

PMF

115
Q

PMF in cwp are often seen in what lung segments (2)

A

Posterior segments of upper lobes and superior segments of lower lobes

These conglomerate opacities represent areas of PMF and most commonly develop in the peripheral portions of the upper and mid-lung zones.

PMF = M = middle area

116
Q

Also known as rheumatoid pneumoconiosis seen in coal workers with RA, characterized radiographically by nodular opacities 0.5 to 5 cm in diameter that develop rapidly and tend to appear in crops. Nodules are more sharply defined and seen more peripherally than the masses of PMF

A

Caplan syndrome

117
Q

Pneumoconiosis that produces a reaction that mimics sarcoidosis

A

Chronic berylliosis

Sarcoidosis = Chronic Berylliosis

abS-CBn

118
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is an immunologic pulmonary disorder associated with the inhalation of one of the antigenic organic dusts

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

allergic = hypersentivity

119
Q

Exposure to moldy hay produce

A

Farmer’s lung

120
Q

Exposure to water reservoirs contaminated by thermophilic bacteria

A

Humidifier lung

121
Q

Exposure to avian proteins in feathers and excreta produce

A

Bird fancier’s lung

122
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is produced in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Type 3 (immune complex) reaction

123
Q

Radiographic features of early hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Fine nodular or ground glass opacities most often seen in lower lobes

early = fine nodular

E = F

124
Q

Chronic changes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Diffuse coarse reticular or reticulonodular opacities in mid lung and upper lung zones, honeycomb pattern with loss of lung volume

Chronic Changes = Diffuse Coarse

CC = DC

125
Q

This disease should be considered when repeated episodes of rapidly changing ground glass or airspace opacification are seen in a patient with underlying coarse interstitial lung disease

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

126
Q

Cylindrical bronchiectasis in upper and lower lobes appears as multiple dilated thick-walled circular lucencies, with the adjoining artery giving each dilated bronchus the appearance of a

A

Signet ring

upper and lower lobes mas malaki ang bronchus sa bronchial artery

127
Q

In the mid-lung, where the bronchi course horizontally, the appearance of bronchiectasis is that of parallel linear opacities called

A

Tram tracks

128
Q

Detection of varicose bronchiectasis along with the classically described finger-in-glove appearance of mucoid impaction in an asthmatic patient should suggest the diagnosis of

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

129
Q

A vicious cycle of recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis is most often caused by what organisms which eventually causes severe bronchiectasis (2)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa or staph aureus

PASA-CF

130
Q

True or false: distal atelectasis and obstructive pneumonitis are common findings in cystic fibrosis

A

True

131
Q

Disorder in which the epithelial cilial motion is abnormal and ineffective

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia aka dysmotile cilia syndrome

132
Q

May result in rhinitis, sinusitis,bronchiectasis, dysmotile spermatozoa and sterility, situs inversus, and dextrocardia

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

133
Q

what phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: airspace opacities

A

acute

134
Q

what phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: patchy areas of ggo and poorly defined (fuzzy) centrilobular nodules

A

subacute

135
Q

what phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: fibrosis; interlobular and intralobular interstitial thickening, honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis

A

chronic

136
Q

lobes mostly affected in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

mid to lower lung zones

137
Q

radiographic feature of hypersensitivity pneumonitis that may help distinguish it from UIP

A

relative sparing of costophrenic angles in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

138
Q

characterized histologically by noncaseating granulomas that may progress to fibrosis

A

sarcoidosis

139
Q

detected in bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with sarcoidosis

A

excess number of T-helper lymphocytes

sarcoidosis = autoinflammatory = T-helper lymphocytes excess

140
Q

giant cells in the granulomas of sarcoidosis that may contain dark-staining lamellated structures within their cytoplasm

A

Schaumann bodies

141
Q

approximately 90% involves this type of interstitium in the lung that makes blind transbronchial biopsy in sarcoidosis possible

A

axial interstitium

sarcoidosis → paratracheal and hilar = axial interstitium

142
Q

key feature in sarcoidosis that allows distinction from malignancy and TB

A

symmetric lymph node enlargement

143
Q

most common parenchymal abnormality in sarcoidosis

A

bilateral symmetric reticulonodular opacities

sarcoidosis = bilateral symmetrical nodules

144
Q

usual lobes affected in sarcoidosis (2)

A

mid and upper lung zones

145
Q

Sarcoidosis stage: bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement

A

stage 1

146
Q

sarcoidosis stage: bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement and parenchymal disease

A

stage 2

147
Q

sarcoidosis stage: parenchymal disease only

A

stage 3

148
Q

sarcoidosis stage: pulmonary fibrosis

A

stage 4

149
Q

characteristic pulmonary function test finding in LCH

A

restrictive and obstructive patterns and a diminished diffusing capacity

150
Q

systemic autoimmune disorder characterized pathologically by a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis involving the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis

151
Q

characteristic lesions in the lungs are discrete nodules or masses of granulomatous inflammation with central necrosis and cavitation

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis

not all granulomatous inflammatory is infection

152
Q

true or false: renal involvement follows respiratory involvement in 90% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

true

153
Q

treatment for granulomatosis with polyangitis (2)

A

cyclophosphamide (cytoxan) and cotrimoxazole (Bactrim)

WG-CC

154
Q

a transient pulmonary process characterized pathologiclly by pulmonary infiltration with an eosinophilic exudate. Most patients have a history of allergy, most commonly asthma

A

simple pulmonary eosinophilia aka Loffler syndrome

155
Q

characteristic radiographic findings in Loffler syndrome

A

peripheral, homogeneous, ill-defined areas of airspace opacities that may parallel the chest wall

LoffLer = L = paraLLeL the chest waLL

156
Q

true or false: most patients with Loffler syndrome have self-limiting illness that resolves spontaneously within 4 weeks

A

true

157
Q

idiopathic condition characterized by severe dyspnea and hypoxa lasting <5 days and > 25% eosinophils on pulmonary lavage. Progression is rapid as is resolution after steroid therapy

A

acute eosinophilic pneumonia

rapid severe = acute

158
Q

eosinophilic pneumonia is considered chronic after how many months with symptoms

A

1 month

eos1nophilic

159
Q

chronic eosinophilic pneumonia has predilection for what gender

A

women

160
Q

systemic disorder with a male predominance that is characterized by multiple organ damage from eosinophilic infiltration of tissues

A

hypereosinophilic syndrome

161
Q

true or false: in hypereosinophilic syndrome, major chest findings are associated with cardiac involvement causing congestive heard failure: cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema and PE

A

true

162
Q

2 drugs associated with pulmonary eosinophilia

A

nitrofurantoin and penicillin

PEN
Penicillin - Eosinophilia - Nitrofurantoin

163
Q

parasitic infections most commonly attributed with pulmonary eosinophilia

A

filaria, ascaric lumbricoides and strongyloides stercoralis

164
Q

predominant chest radiographic finding in polyarteritis nodosa is

A

hemorrhage caused by a vasculitis involving the bronchial arterial circulation

165
Q

multisystem disorder in which asthma, blood eosinophilia, necrotizing vasculitis and extravascular granulomas are invariable features

A

allergic angitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)

166
Q

6 major histologic principal patterns of drug-induced lung damage are

A 
DAD, 
UIP, 
NSIP, 
bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, 
eosinophilic lung disease, and 
pulmonary hemorrhage
167
Q

3 histologic patterns of drug induced lung damage that result from an acute lung insult

A

DAD,
eosinophilic lung disease and
pulmonary hemorrhage

168
Q

3 histologic patterns of drug induced lung damage that result from an chronic lung toxicity

A

UIP,
NSIP and
BOOP

169
Q

most commonly results from an acute insult to the lungs resulting in damage to type II pneumocytes and the alveolar endothelium

A

DAD

170
Q

also referred to as chronic interstitial pneumonia when known to result from drug toxicity

A

NSIP

most commonly encountered with amiodarone, methotrexate, and BCNU therapy.

171
Q

a relatively common result of pulmonary drug toxicity and usually responds well to cessation of therapy and steroid

A

BOOP

most commonly bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and gold salts,

172
Q

pulmonary hemorrhage in drug-induced pulmonary vasculitis is due to

A

complicate anticoagulation therapy or result from drug-induced thrombocytopenia

173
Q

small airways inflammatory process that results in granulation tissue within bronchioles causing air trapping which can be severe enough to result in respiratory insufficiency

A

obliterative bronchiolitis

174
Q

pulmonary toxicity in this drug that is used to treat acute leukemia develops in 15-30% of treated patients within 30 days of administration and is manifested as pulmonary edema resulting from increased capillary permeability

A

cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)

175
Q

rare disease in which lipoproteinaceous material surfactant deposits in abnormal amounts within the airspaces of the lungs. it has predilection for males in their 20s or 40s

A

pulmonary alveolar proteninosis

176
Q

important clinical feature distinguishing PAP from pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure

A

absence of orthopnea

177
Q

patients with PAP are particularly prone to superinfection of the lung with (4)

A

nocardia,
aspergillus,
cryptococcus and
atypical mycobacteria

178
Q

rare disorder characterized by the deposition of minute calculi within the alveolar spaces

A

alveolar microlithiases

179
Q

true or false: there is very high incidence of alveolar microlithiasis in siblings

A

true

180
Q

the radiographic findings in this rare entity include confluent bilateral dense micronodular opacities that, because of their high intrinsic density, produce the so-called “black pleural sign” at their interface with the chest wall. apical bullous disease is also common and may lead to spontaneous pneumothorax

A

alveolar microlithiasis

181
Q

uncommon condition characterized by the formation of bone within the lung parenchyma

A

diffuse pulmonary ossification

182
Q

nodular form of diffuse pulmonary ossification is seen in

A

severe, chronic untreated mitral stenosis

183
Q

more irregular ossification in diffuse pulmonary ossification is seen in

A

chronic inflammatory conditions such amyloidosis and UIP

184
Q

refers to a pattern of lung injury characterized by organizing pneumonia and fibrin within the alveolar space that does not meet strict histopatholohic criteria for DAD or organizing pneumonia

A

acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia

185
Q

clinical syndrome resulting from the coexistence of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, whether both secondary to smoking or of different etilogies

A

combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome

[PBR] Pulmo Imaging (9 decks)

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