Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PPS Orals > Differentials > Flashcards

Differentials Flashcards

1
Q

Sore Throat

A

ID: Pharyngitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Infectious mononucleosis, Epiglottitis, herpangina, COVID, HFMD, Diphtheria
Non-ID: esophagitis (hot food/drinks),
GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute cough, not in distress

A

ID: URTI, Pneumonia, COVID, Croup
Non-ID: Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute cough in distress

A

COVID
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Asthma, BAIAE
Foreign body
Laryngotracheitis
Epiglottitis
Tracheitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subacute cough

A

Bronchitis
TB
Chlamydia pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia
Rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chronic Cough

A

Asthma
TB
Pertussis
GERD
TEF
Tracheal ring
Laryngeal cleft
Tracheomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Colds

A

ID: URTI, Sinusitis Allergic rhinitis
Non-allergic: mechanical, structural, FB, deviated septum, adenoids, tumors Rhinitis medicamentosa, vasomotor rhinitis
Hormonal: pregnancy, hypothy
neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fever

A

COVID URTI
Otitis media Bacterial sinusitis UTI
Bronchiolitis Pneumonia Viral syndromes Dengue Typhoid fever Leptospirosis
Occult bacteremia CNS infections PFAPA syndrome
FUO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fever with rash

A

COVID
Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, roseola, chickenpox, erythema infectiosum, HFMD) Meningococcemia
Dengue Kawasaki disease
Acute rheumatic fever Toxic shock syndrome
Scarlet fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Headache

A

Migraine
Tension headache Acute sinusitis
Brain tumor, abscess
Pseudotumor cerebri Trauma
Substance abuse/ withdrawal
Infections, meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Seizure

A

Febrile seizure (BFC/CFC)
CNS infection (meningitis, abscess) Brain tumor
Metabolic and e’ disturbance (hypogly, hypoNA, hypoCa, hyperCa, hypoMg) Traumatic brain injury
Child abuse
Toxic ingestion (iron, isoniazid, kerosene, organophosphate)
Epilepsy
Status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Raised ICP

A

Hydrocephalus Brain tumor CNS infection
Intracranial hemorrhage
trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eye pain and discharge/swelling

A

Conjunctivitis (viral, bacterial, allergic) Orbital cellulitis, Preseptal cellulitis dacryoystitis
FB/ trauma/ insect bite
Allergic/ angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ear pain/discharge

A

Otitis media Otitis externa
Foreign body/ trauma
Referred pain: sinus, teeth, pharynx,
thyroid, parotid, neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diarrhea

A

AGE (viral, bacterial, protozoan, parasitic) Malabsorption
Toddler’s diarrhea Pseudomembranous colitis Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease
COVID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bloody stools

A

Infectious (bacterial: Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli (EIEC, EHEC, EAEC), campylobacter, Yersinia; parasitic: amebiasis, Giardia, Cryptosporidium)
IBD
Anal fissure (from constipation) Bleeding peptic ulcer Intussusception
Malrotation
Meckel’s diverticulum
Hema (plt dysfunction – ITP, vWD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Constipation

A

Functional constipation Hirschsprung disease Hypothyroidism
Spinal cord abnormalities Lead poisoning Pseudoobstruction
Fecal impaction Imperforate anus Dehydration
Botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Abdominal Pain

A

GI: Appendicitis AGE
Constipation Intestinal obstruction Intussusception
Malrotation with midgut volvulus
Mesenteric adenitis
Incarcerated hernia Cholecystitis/ cholelithiasis/ choledocholithiasis
Acute pancreatitis Peptic ulcer Gastritis
Non-GI: UTI, renal colic, pneumonia, Pelvic inflammatory disease, sexual abuse, HSP, anaphylaxis
Functional abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rash/dermatitis

A

ID: Cellulitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Erysipelas, Impetigo, SSSS, Abscess, Scrofula, Scabies, Pediculosis, Molluscum contagiosum, tinea faciei
Derma: AD, dermatitis (contact, irritant,
seb), Hemangioma, SJS, TEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Allergy

A

Atopic dermatitis Urticaria Angioedema Anaphylaxis
Dermatitis (seborrheic dermatitis, contact, irritant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Newborn Jaundice

A

Physiologic jaundice: Breastfeeding/ breastmilk jaundice
ID: Sepsis, TORCH, UTI
Hema: ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility, G6PD deficiency, polycythemia, spherocytosis, elliptocytosis Trauma: cephalhematoma, ecchymoses, caput
Maternal: GDM, SGA, twin to twin GI: biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, hepatitis, pyloric stenosis
Metab: galactosemia, hypothy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Newborn Jaundice, Prolonged

A

Choledochal cyst Biliary atresia TORCH
Hepatitis
IEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Delayed Meconium

A

Meconium ileus/ plug syndrome Hirschsprung disease Imperforate anus
Ileus PT/ LBW
E’ abn (hypoK, hypoNa, hyperCa, hyperMg) Maternal drugs (MgSO4, opiates, antidepressants)
NB drugs (theophylline, opiates, narcotics)
hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Newborn Abdominal Distention

A

NEC
intussusception sepsis
GI obstruction Diastasis recti Meconium ileus Hirschsprung disease Hypothyroidism
Small left bowel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Respiratory Distress Newborn
Pulmo (RDS, TTN, MAS, air leak syndrome, PPHN, CCAM) CV (CHD) GI (congenital diaphragmatic hernia, TEF) ID (neonatal pneumonia, sepsis) Metabolic (IEM, hypoglycemia, hypoCa)
26
Newborn Dysmorphology
NB dysmorphology TORCH Trisomies (21, 13, 18)
27
Newborn Apnea
CNS (asphyxia, CNS infection, inc ICP, sz) Respi (airway obstruction, lung ds, RDS, pn) CV (CHF, PDA, CHD, heart block) GI (NEC, GERD, feeding intolerance) Hema (anemia, polycythemia) Others (sepsis, metab/e’ abn, MgSO4)
28
Newborn Anuria/Oliguria
Dehydration Obstruction Renal failure Maternal (ACEI, NSAIDs, GDM)
29
Newborn Cyanosis
Pulmo ds (pneumonia, RDS, MAS, CDH, CCAM, PPHN) CCHD (TGA, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, TOF, TAPVR) ID: sepsis Metab: Hypoglycemia Neuro: HIE Others: Esophageal atresia, Choanal atresia, Methemoglobinemia
30
Newborn Fever
Overswaddled Inanition fever ID: Sepsis, UTI, meningitis
31
Weight Gain
Obesity Cushing disease Prader-Willi syndrome Hypothalamic obesity Hypothyroidism
32
Short Stature
Constitutional short stature Familial short stature Growth hormone deficiency Failure to thrive Malnutrition, systemic chronic ds Hypothyroidism Turner syndrome
33
Ambiguous Genitalia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Microphallus True hermaphroditism Virilization Sepsis IEM
34
Delayed Puberty
Noonan syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome
35
Weight Loss
DM Hyperthyroidism PTB Malnutrition Fad diet
36
Polyuria
DM Central DI Nephrogenic DI Cerebral salt wasting Increased oral intake/ iatrogenic E’ abn (hyperCa) Organophosphate poisoning
37
Hypotonia, Malformations
Trisomies (21, 13, 18) Turner syndrome Fragile X Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
38
Anemia
Hema: IDA, Thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, blood loss, Physiologic anemia of infancy, Anemia of chronic disease Others: Lead poisoning, growth spurt Nutri: vegan, milk protein allergy, inc cow’s milk intake, faddism, dieting ID: parasitism GI: celiac ds, IBD
39
Bleeding
Hema/onco: ITP, Hemophilia, vWD disease, Vit. K deficiency, aplastic anemia, ALL ID: DFS, sepsis, DIC Others: abuse, liver ds., vasc. abn
40
Abdominal Mass
Lymphoma Neuroblastoma Wilm’s tumor Hepatoblastoma GCT’s/teratoma, rhabdomyosarcoma Ascites Pregnancy
41
Limping Child
Trauma: MVA, Abuse ID: Osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, Synovitis Msk: DDH, LCP Rheuma: JRA, HSP, RF CA: leukemia, neuroblastoma, ewing sarcoma
42
Musculoskeletal pain, gait disturbance
Developmental dysplasia of the hip Skeletal dysplasia Fractures Torticollis Legg-Calve Perthes disease Osgood-Schlatter disease Pott’s disease Polio
43
Edema
Renal: Nephritic, Nephrotic syndrome Cardiac (CHF) Liver failure GI: Nutritional (Kwashiorkor), protein losing enteropathy Allergic: angioedema Endo: myxedema (hypothy) Rheuma: SLE, HSP
44
Dysuria
Urolithiasis UTI Sexual abuse, FB STDs, vulvovaginitis Trauma
45
Hematuria
Renal: PSGN, IgA nephropathy, HUS, urolithiasis, UTI, TB Trauma, abuse Rheuma: SLE, HSP nephritis Hema: G6PD, blood dyscrasia Others: hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, drugs (ibu, iron, metronidazole, rifampicin), food (beets, blackberries, food color)
46
Scrotal/inguinal mass
Undescended testis/ retractile testis Inguinal Hernia Hydrocoele, varicocele Hematoma/ tumor HSP
47
Scrotal Pain
Testicular torsion Epididymitis UTI Trauma Sexual abuse Incarcerated hernia Idiopathic scrotal edema (dermatitis, insect bite)
48
49
Vaginal Bleeding
Blood dyscrasias Hemangioma, neoplasms Precocious puberty UTI, vulvovaginitis Abuse Trauma FB
50
Murmur
ACHD: ASD, VSD, PDA CCHD: TOF, TGA Acquired HD: RHD, infective endocarditis
51
Arrhythmia
Sinus tachycardia, SVT, VT Sinus bradycardia Heart block
52
53
Heart Failure
CHF CHD: VSD, PDA, OCD Acquired heart disease: myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, AR carditis/ RHD Metabolic: hypoxia, acidosis, hypogly, hypoCa Hyperthyroidism Severe anemia Acute HTN (PSGN)
54
Chest Pain
Msk: muscle strain, costochondritis, contusion CV: pericarditis, arrhythmia, MVP, CAD, ischemia, aortic dissection Pulmo: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, BA, FB, tumor GI: GERD, esophagitis, gastritis Psych: Anxiety/ stress, hyperventilation, panic disorder Others: HZV, drugs (cocaine), breast- related, idiopathic
55
Hypertension
CV (essential hypertension, CoA, PDA) Renal (AGN, nephritic syndrome) Endo (pheochromocytoma, Cushing ds, hyperthyroidism) Neuro (inc ICP, dysautonomia, neuroblastoma) Drugs (CS, amphetamines, cocaine) Metabolic (hyeprNa, obesity, metabolic syn)
56
Shock
Shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, septic, obstructive) Poisoning Addison disease
57
Joint Pain, Arthritis, Arthralgia
ID: reactive arthritis, postinfectious, viral/ bact. Myositis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, synovitis Rheuma (SLE, JRA, JDM, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD) Vasculitis (HSP, Takayasu arteritis, PAN) CA: Leukemia, ewing, osteosarcoma, lymphoma Cardio: ARF, KD, IE Growing pains
58
Weakness/paralysis
Neuro (MG, GBS, cerebral palsy) ID (polio, tetanus, botulism, Pott’s disease) E’ abn (hypo/hyperK, hyperCa) Organophosphate poisoning
59
Developmental Delay
Autism ADHD Cerebral palsy Intellectual disability Learning disability
60
Dysphagia
ID (acute viral stomatitis) Structural (oral trauma, nasal obstruction, vascular rings, mediastinal tumors) GI (achalasia, TEF, strictures, esophageal web, GERD) Neuro (vertebral anomalies)
61
Anorexia
CA, Inflammatory disease ID (TB, infections) Drugs Unpalatable diets Depression
62
Regurgitation
GERD, GER
63
Vomiting
GI: AGE, GERD, overfeeding, GI obstruction, pyloric stenosis, PUD, esophagitis Infections: UTI Metabolic: IEM, DKA Medications/ poisoning Neuro: inc ICP (TBI, abuse), labyrinthitis, migraine Endo: adrenal insufficiency, DKA
64
GI Hemorrhage
Erosive damage Bacterial enteritis Milk protein allergy Intussusception Anal fissure Peptic ulcer/ gastritis Swallowed epistaxis
65
Xray: Pleural Effusion
TB effusion Consolidation Atelectasis Pulmonary mass/ abscess Heart failure
66
Xray: Bowel Gas Pattern in Hemithorax
CDH CCAM Eventration Pulmonary Sequestration
67
Vesiculobullous Rash
SSSS TEN SJS Erythema multiforme Varicella Bullous impetigo Dermatitis herpetiformes
68
Growth Failure
ID (sepsis, TB, TORCH) IEM (cong. Hypothyroidism, CAH, galactosemia) GI (GERD, pyloric stenosis, atresia) CHD RTA Endo (Prader-Willi, Cushing ds, GH def) Malnutrition Genetic (Down, Noonan, Turner)
69
Respiratory Distress
Neuro: Inc ICP HEENT: URTI, sinusitis, FB Respi: pneumonia, BA, FB aspiration, croup, epiglottitis, abscess, pleural eff, TB CV: CHD, CHF, arrhythmia, pericardial eff GI: perforation, obstruction, AGE, hepatic encephalopathy Renal: CKD, nephrotic syn Metab: IEM, DKA Trauma: pneumothorax ID: sepsis, shock
70
Fussy Infant
GERD Infant colic Infant dyschezia

PPS Orals (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions