Differential gene expression Flashcards
Egg and sperm develop
zygote
What are the 3 germ layers
Endoderm, Mesoderm, and Ectoderm
Endoderm is the __________ and an example is _____
Innermost layer; Internal Organs
Mesoderm is the ______ and an example is
Middle germlayer; Kidneys
Ectoderm is the _____ and an example is
Outer germlayer; Skin
What is Gastrulation
The formation of Primary Germ layers
Somatic cells retain
The ENTIRE genome
Totipotency is
No loss of genetic potential in early development
Differential gene expression allows
the cells (or overall development) of the organism
Differential Gene expression
LOWERS TOTIPOTENCY
Certain cells may be turned off or on, this can
Assign cells to specialized properties/functions
There are 3 things that controls cells interaction
Cell signal transduction pathway; Transcirptial/Post transcriptional, and Translational regulation
Genes are
Differentially expressed in cell differentiation
Development process features 2 key events
Cytoplasmic determinate and inductive signals
Genes that are ______usually encodes transcription factors
direct to key events
MyoD1 is an example of
Genes directing key events
Morphogens are considered to be______; And can develop
Form givers;Concentration gradients
Morphogens MUST
Directly affect TARGET CELLS
Cytoplasmic determinate is commonly produced
BY MOM
An example of gene expression in body segmentation is
Drosophila; Fruit fly
An example of morphogens is
The hands
Segmentation and homeotic genes
Controls LATER DEVELOPMENT
MORPHOGENESIS IS THE PROCESS OF
Developing the body
Homeotic ( in vertebrates) code for ______ that regulate the expression of
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ; GENES determine segments/structures
The multigene family is composed of
Gene sequences BEING SIMILAR; Probability increases in duplication
Product of BIOCOID gene in DROSOPHILA provides essential info about
Anterior- Posterior axis
What serves as a source for developmental info in the EARLY Embryo?
Cytoplasmic determinates ( mrna/morphogens) present in EGG BEFORE FERTILIZATION
What proportion of DNA in human genome codes for proteins/Functional RNA?
1.5-2%
Cell not having any developmental flexibility is considered
Differentiated
Retrotransposons are
RNA MOL as intermediate in Transposition
Pseudogene is
DNA sequence that USED to be functional; NOT functional any more
Homebox genes code
for TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
Homeodomain
BINDS DNA; Recognizes Target promoter sequence
