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AA Sal Abdominal Radiology > Differential flashcards > Flashcards

Differential flashcards

1
Q

DDx Hepatic metabolic liver disease (4)

A

Hepatosteatosis, amyloid, Wilson’s, hemochromatosis

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2
Q

Ddx Hypoattenuating liver (2)

A

Amyloid. Hepatosteatosis.

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3
Q

Ddx Dense liver (5)

A

Drugs (Amiodarone). Wilson’s. Hemochromatosis. Glycogen storage disease. Thorotrast

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4
Q

Ddx Hepatic infection (4)

A

Viral hepatitis, candidiasis, pyogenic, echinococcal cyst

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5
Q

Ddx Multiple tiny hypoattenuating liver lesions (5)

A

Candidiasis, lymphoma, mets, Caroli disease, Biliary hamartomas (von-Meyerburg)

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6
Q

Ddx Malignant hepatic lesions (5)

A

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, HCC, Fibrolamellar carcinoma, Lymphoma, mets,

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7
Q

Ddx Benign liver masses (3)

A

FNH, Hemangioma, hepatic adenoma

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8
Q

Ddx Hyperenchancing (vascular) liver mets (5) (‘neuroendocrine mets may shine right through)

A

Neuroendocrine, melanoma, Sarcoma, RCC, thyroid

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9
Q

Ddx Hypovascular liver mets (2)

A

Colorectal, pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

Ddx liver mets w/ calcifications (2)

A

Mucinous colorectal, ovarian serous tumors

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11
Q

Ddx for capsular retraction of liver (6)

A

Mets, Fibrolamellar, HCC, epitheliod hemangioendothelioma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, confluent hepatic fibrosis.

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12
Q

Ddx Vascular liver disease (3)

A

Budd-chiari, veno-occlusive disease, cardiac hepatopathy.

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13
Q

Ddx Congenital cystic liver disease (3)

A

Biliary hamartomas (von moyenerg), ADPKD, Caroli.

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14
Q

Ddx Bile duct infection/inflammation (5)

A

Ascending cholangitis, PSC, PBC, Aids cholangitis, Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.

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15
Q

Ddx Biliary neoplasms (4)

A

Biliary cystadenoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, gallbladder mets

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16
Q

3 categories of pancreatic neoplasms

A

Solid epithelial (2). Cystic epithelial (4). Endocrine neoplasms (5)

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17
Q

DDx for pancreatic mass w/ no ductal dilatation (8)

A

Autoimmune pancreatitis, groove pancreatitis, cystic pancreatic tumor, neuroendocrine tumor, Duodenal GIST, lymph node, mets, lymphoma

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18
Q

Differential for Solid mass in the tail of the pancreas (2)

A

Spen. Accessory spleen (1-3 cm, will follow spleen on all phases).

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19
Q

Differential for something enhancing in pancreas

A

Islet cell tumor. Splenic artery Pseudoaneurysm.

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20
Q

3 congenital pancreatic anomalies

A

Divisum, annular pancreas, common channel syndrome/pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

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21
Q

Systemic diseases that affect pancreas (4)

A

VHL, CF, Schwachman diamond, Obesity/steroid use (causes fatty atrophy)

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22
Q

Pancreatitis (4 types)

A

acute, chronic, autoimmune, groove

23
Q

Ddx for bilateral delayed nephrogram (4)

A

bilateral obstruction, contrst nephropathy, systemic hypotension, myeloma kidney

24
Q

Solid renal masses (6)

A

RCC, AML, Oncocytoma, lymphoma, non-neplastic masses (infection, AVM), renal pseudotumors (hypertrophied column of bertin, persistent fetal lobation

25
Q

Types of RCC (5)

A

Clear cell, Papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct carcinoma, medullary carcinoma

26
Q

Ddx; T2 hypointense lesion in kidney (3)

A

Lipid poor AML, hemorrhagic cyst, papillary RCC

27
Q

Neoplastic differential of a cystic renal mass (3)

A

Cystic RCC. Multilocular cystic nephroma (enhancing septa. Baby boys and middle age women). Mixed epithelial stromal tumor (MEST); Middle aged women

28
Q

Non-neoplastic differential for cystic renal mass

A

Renal abscess, Hemorrhagic renal cyst

29
Q

Bosniak CT classification?

A

Category I: simple cyst. II: three of fewer septa, maybe small calcs. also includes small (<3cm) high density cyst w/o enhancement. IIF: may have thick and nodular mural calcifications. walls may slightly enhance. Also includes large (>3cm) hyperattenuating cysts w/o enhancement III: thick, irregular wall, enhancement. Class IV: Enhancing nodular component

30
Q

DDx for unilateral enlarged kidney (4)

A

Pyelonephritis, acute ureteral obstruction, renal vein thrombosis, compensatory hypertophy.

31
Q

DDx for striated nephrogram (7)

A

Pyelonephritis, renal infarct, renal veinthrombosis/vasculitis, renal contusion, acute urinary obstruction, renal tumor, radiation nephritis.

32
Q

Ddx for papillary necrosis (postcard)

A

Pyelonephritis, obstruction, Sickle, TB, Cirrhosis, Analgesics (Nsaids), Renal vein thrombosis, Diabetes mellitus.

33
Q

Ddx medullary nephrocalcinosis (5)

A

Hypercalcemic state (hyperparathyroidism, sarcoid), medullary sponge kidney, RTA 1, furosomide therapy in child. Papillary necrosis.

34
Q

Ddx cortical nephrocalcinosis (5)

A

Acute cortical necrosis, hyperoxaluria, alport syndrome (hereditary nephropathy and deafness). Autosomal recessive PCKD. (also chronic glomerulonephritis and transplant rejection).

35
Q

Ddx Echogenic renal mass

A

AML (shadowing is specific), RCC, calculus, gas, Milk of calcium, sloughed papilla.

36
Q

Ddx extracalyceal contrat medium

A

Tubular ectasia, calyceal diverticulum, papillary necrosis.

37
Q

Renal trauma grading

A

I; contusion, subcapsular hematoma. II; superficial laceration (<1cm), confined perinephric hematoma. III; Deeper laceration (>1cm) w/o extravasation. IV; deep lac extending to collecting system, or injury to renal artery/vein w/ contained hemorrhage. Needs surgeical repair. V; shattered kidney, avulsion of renal hilum.

38
Q

Ddx Mag 3 - normal flow with abnormal renogram phase

A

ATN (if early after transplant), drug toxity (cyclosporin) (if later after transplant)

39
Q

Ddx Mag 3 - abnormal flow and renogram phase

A

Acute rejection

40
Q

Post-transplant fluid collections (4)

A

Hematoma (post-op), Urinoma; (1-2 weeks), will have tracer. Abscess (3-4 wks) Lymphocele; 4-8 weeks, no tracer.

41
Q

Vascular complications following renal transplant (3)

A

Renal vein thrombosis (reversal of diastolic flow). RAS (parvus tardus). Pseudoaneurysm (usually due to biopsy)

42
Q

Types of ureteroceles (3)

A

Orthoptic ureterocele (most commonly adults), ectopic ureterocele (children), pseudoureterocele (intussusception of distal ureter into bladder. May be due to radiation cystitis, or UVJ stone).

43
Q

Cancers of urinary system

A

TCC (Most common), SCC (Schistosomiasis), Adenocarcinoma (urachal remnant)

44
Q

Benign ureteral masses (3)

A

Fibroepithelial polyp, urothelial papilloma, inverted papilloma

45
Q

Inflammatormy/infectious ureteral disease (4)

A

Ureteritis Cystica, Leukoplakia (Squamous metaplasia), Malacoplakia, Ureteral TB.

46
Q

Bladder injury classification (2)

A

extraperitoneal (2X more common), or intraperitoneal

47
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

Horseshoe kidney, streak ovaries, Bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation.

48
Q

NF1

A

Lateral meningocele, Neurofibromas, optic gliomas, sphenoid wing dysplasia, RAS.

49
Q

MEN-1 (PPP)

A

Pancreatic islet cell (Gastrinoma), pituitary adenoma, parathryoid adenoma.

50
Q

MEN2A (MPP)

A

Medullary thyroid cancer, pheo, parathyroid adenoma

51
Q

MEN2B (MPN)

A

Medullary thyroid. Pheo, neuromas

52
Q

VHL association (3 letters = 3 categories). (3 in pancreas, 3 in other belly, 3 in CNS) + epidydimal cysts.

A

Serous Cystadenoma, regular cysts, islet cell tumors. Preo, RCC (younger age/clear cell), Renal cysts. Hemangioblastoma in brain, hemangiomioblastoma in spine, Endolymphatic sac tumor.

53
Q

Tuberous sclerosis features. Type of mutation. Findings (3 categories)

A

Aut D. Tumor suppressor gene mutation. Seizures, developmental delay, mostly benign tumors. Renal cysts, AMLs, slight increase risk of RCC, Cerebral hamartomas. Cardiac rhabdomyomas(sarcomas). Skeletel osteomas. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

54
Q

Tuberous sclerosis tumor locations (3 kidney, 1 in brain, heart, bones, lungs)

A

Renal cysts, AMLs, slight increase risk of RCC, Cerebral hamartomas. Cardiac rhabdomyomas(sarcomas). Skeletel osteomas. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

AA Sal Abdominal Radiology (6 decks)

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