DIfferential Dx Flashcards
OME findings: Flaccid (6)
Atrophy, fasciculations, hypotonia, hypoactive gag, rapid deterioration, nasal regurgitation
OME findings: Spastic (5)
Pathologic oral reflexes, PBA, hyperactive gag, dysphagia, drooling
OME findings: Hypokinetic (3)
Facial masking, orofacial tremulousness, reduced ROM for AMR
OME findings: Hyperkinetic (1)
Adventitious movements (abnormal involuntary movements of orofacial muscles) may be present
OME findings: UUMN (1)
Unilateral facial or lingual weakness without atrophy or fasciculations
Distinguishing speech findings: Flaccid (8)
Breathiness, diplophonia, hypernasality, audible nasal emission, audible inspiration, short phrases, rapid deterioration and recovery with rest, speaking on inhalation
Distinguishing speech findings: Spastic (6)
Harshness*, low pitch, slow rate, strained-strangled, pitch breaks, slow/regular AMRs
Speech findings: Ataxic (6)
Irregular articulatory breakdowns, irregular AMRs, distorted vowels, excess loudness variation, telescoping syllables,
OME findings: Ataxic (2)
Can be normal. May have dysmetric nonspeech movements
Speech findings: Hypokinetic (12)
Monopitch, monoloud, reduced loudness
reduced stress, inappropriate silences, short rushes of speech,
variable rate, increased rate in segments, increased overall rate
rapid and blurred AMRs
repeated phonemes, palilalia
Speech findings: Hyperkinetic (13)
Slow and irregular AMRs, distorted vowels, excess loudness variation, sudden forced inspiration/expiration, prolonged intervals, voice stoppages, transient breathiness, voice tremor, myoclonus, intermittent hypernasality, deterioration with increased rate, inappropriate vocal noises, coprolalia
Common speech findings: UUMN (4)
Slow rate, irregular artic breakdowns, irregular AMRs, reduced loudness
Speech findings: AOS (8)
Poorly sequenced AMRs, groping, distorted substitutions, attempts at self-correction, artic additions, automatic > volitional, inconsistent errors, increased errors with length
Supratentorial lesions (cerebrum, BG, thalamus) (5)
Spastic, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, UUMN, AOS
Posterior fossa lesions (pons, medulla, midbrain, Cb) (5)
Flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hyperkinetic, UUMN
Spinal peripheral lesions (1)
Flaccid
Can aphasia mask AOS?
Yes. Disproportionately poor verbal scores. Associated with posterior frontal or insular lesions
Differences between apraxic and aphasic (phono) speech errors?
Apraxic speakers will recognize errors. Apraxic errors are more consistent in location and type, closer to target.
Breathiness, diplophonia, hypernasality, audible nasal emission, audible inspiration, short phrases, rapid deterioration and recovery with rest, speaking on inhalation
Flaccid
Harshness, low pitch, slow rate, strained-strangled, pitch breaks, slow/regular AMRs
Spastic
Irregular articulatory breakdowns, irregular AMRs, distorted vowels, excess loudness variation, telescoping syllables,
Ataxic
Monopitch, reduced loudness, reduced stress, monoloud, inappropriate silences, short rushes of speech, variable rate, increased rate in segments, increased overall rate, rapid and blurred AMRs, repeated phonemes, palilalia
Hypokinetic
Slow and irregular AMRs, distorted vowels, excess loudness variation, sudden forced inspiration/expiration, prolonged intervals, voice stoppages, transient breathiness, voice tremor, myoclonus, intermittent hypernasality, deterioration with increased rate, inappropriate vocal noises, coprolalia
Hyperkinetic
Slow rate, irregular artic breakdowns, irregular AMRs, reduced loudness
UUMN
Poorly sequenced AMRs, groping, distorted substitutions, attempts at self-correction, artic additions, automatic > volitional, inconsistent errors, increased errors with length
AOS
