Differential diagnosis Flashcards by Emma Wright

Generalised alopecia

HAC
Hypothyroidism
Hyperoestrogenism
Pituitary dwarfism

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Hypotrichosis with scales/crusts

Feline thymoma
Cutaneous t-cell lymphoma

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Facial/dorsal alopecia, erythema, scaling, crusting

Leishmaniosis
Lupus erythematous
Exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematous (GSHP))

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Alopecia, erythema, scaling, crusts - affecting face, legs, tail

Dermatomyositis

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Alopecia with shiny skin - periocular, ventral neck, ventrum, legs (cat)

Paraneoplastic alopecia (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, biliary cholangiocarcinoma, hepatic carcinoma)

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Cutaneous erythema, alopecia, scales, crusts - mucocutaneous junction

Zinc-responsive dermatosis
Lethal acrodermatitis (Bull Terrier)
CDV
SND
Erythema multiforme
Paraneoplastic pemphigus
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

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Cutaneous plaques

Calcinosis cutis - HAC, renal disease, granulomatous disease (blastomycosis)
Xanthoma - hyperlipidaemia
Hyperpigmented - pappilomavirus associated
Eosinophilic
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

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Cutaneous nodules

Collagenous - nodular dermatofibrosis
Sterile nodular panniculitis (pancreatic panniculitis)
Infectious - blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis

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Skin fragility

Cutaneous asthenia (abnormal collagen formation)
Feline acquired skin fragility - HAC, FIP, hepatic disease

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Thick skin

Hypothyroidism
Acromegaly
Chinese Star Pei

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How does dermatomyositis present? What breeds are affected?

Skin lesions affected face, lower extremities and tail
Muscle involvement - gait, dysphagia +/- megaoesophagus
Collies and Shetland Sheepdog

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Weight gain

Increased appetite - medication, HAC, acromegaly, insulinoma, hypothalamic disorder
Normal appetite - hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, hypogonadism, hyperlipidaemia

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Abdominal effusion - pure transudate

Reduced oncotic pressure

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Abdominal effusion - modified transudate

Increased hydrostatic pressure
Pre-hepatic portal hypertension - congenital portal vein atresia, extraluminal obstruction (neoplasia), intraluminal obstruction (thrombosis)
Hepatic portal hypertension - chronic cholangitis, lobar-dissecting hepatitis, veno-occlusive disease)
Post hepatic portal hypertension - R-CHF, Budd-Chiari

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Eosinophilic abdominal effusion

Lymphoma, systemic MCT, aberrant larval migrants, fungal disease, disseminated eosinophilic granulomatosis

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Peripheral oedema

pg84

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Weight loss

pg87

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Failure to grow

pg90

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Weakness

pg92-93

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Restlessness

pg96

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Anorexia

pg98

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Polyphagia

pg101

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Coughing

pg108

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Sneezing

pg112

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Nasal discharge

pg112

Dyspnoea

pg117

Epistaxis

pg120

Syncope

pg124

Tremor

pg131

Ataxia

pg 136

Stupor/coma

pg141

Seizures

pg144

Gagging

pg 152

Dysphagia

pg157

Regurgitation

pg158

Vomiting

pg162

Melena

pg168

Dyschezia

pg173

PUPD

pg182

USG <1.006

PP CDI Primary NDI HAC Atypical lepto Hypercalcaemia

Pollakiuria

pg186

Stranguria

pg186

Incontinence

pg186

Pallor

pd207

Parodoxical pulse

Cardiac tamponade

Hyperaemia

pg209

Cyanosis

pg 212

Jaundice

pg215

Petechiae/ecchymoses

pg218

Split S1

Healthy large breed dog Ectopic beat, BBB Tricuspid/mitral stenosis

Split S2

Healthy large breed dog (inspiration) Heartworm, PHT, R>L PDA ASD, PS, RBBB, mitral insufficiency/stenosis

Audible S3

Diastolic volume overload (DCM, PDA, mitral insufficiency)

Audible S4

Ventricular hypertrophy/stiffness 3rd degree AV block

Blood smear features of IMHA

Spherocytosis, agglutination, ghost cells

Blood smear features of oxidant injury

Heinz bodies, eccentrocytes, pyknocytes

Blood smear features of fragmentation injury

Accanthocytes, keratocytes, schistocytes

Blood smear features of snake envenomation

Echinocytes, ghost cells

Anaemia

pg230

Erythrocytosis

pg234

Thrombocytopenia

pg239

Thrombocytosis

pg241

Hypoproteinaemia

pg245

Hyperproteinaemia

pg244-245

Hypoglycaemia

pg 246

Hyperglycaemia

pg248

Hyperlipidaemia (HCH or HTG?)

Pg 253

Hypocholesterolaemia

PLE Hepatic insufficiency Selected malignancies

CK elevation

Pg264

Hypernatraemia

pg266 *ebox67-1

Hyponataemia

pg268 *ebox67-2

SIADH diagnostic criteria

Hyponatraemia with hypotonic plasma Urine Osm > plasma Osm Increased renal Na excretion Absence of oedema or volume depletion Normal renal/adrenal function

Conditions causing SIADH

Dirofilariasis Hypothalamic neoplasia Rathke's cleft cyst Acanthamoebe meningitis Traumatic brain injury Ischaemic stroke Subarachnoid haemorrhage Hydrocephalus Liver disease Vinblastine OD Neoplastic production of ADH Pulmonary disease

Hypochloraemia

Ebox 67-3

Hyperchloraemia

Ebox 67-3

Hypokalaemia

pg 271

Hyperkalaemia

pg272

Hypomagnesemia

pg273

Hypermagnesemia

pg274

Hypercalcaemia

pg276

Hypocalcaemia

pg278

Hyperphosphataemia

p279

Lactic acidosis

pg280

Hyperammonaemia

pg283

Cavitary effusion

pg 294

Hypophosphataemia

pg279